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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- p. 69 - Which of these foods do you eat regularly?
- biological fruits / culinary vegetables: tomatoes, peppers, avocados
- (We eat most of these like vegetables, in salads not for dessert, etc., but they are the part of the plant that includes the seeds, which makes them fruits.)
- Corn can be a grain or a vegetable (it depends on how you eat it).
- Which foods on p. 69 are healthy? Which are unhealthy?
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- parts 3 and 4 - discuss the questions with your partner
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- p. 70 - “Pizza with a pedigree”
- pedigree = a known family / bloodline history, so you can know the “quality” of an animal
- In this case, it means we know the long history of this type of pizza.
- What are some traditional foods in your country?
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- part 2 - read the article about Pizza Napoletana
- What ingredient of “traditional” Pizza Napoletana couldn’t have been on the pizza in 997 CE?
- (Flour, cheese, tomatoes, and olive oil are the official ingredients.)
- Tomatoes came from the Americas after Columbus (1492), and Europeans thought they were poisonous at first.
- Noodles are Chinese and tomatoes are American, but noodles with tomatoes are Italian.
- Pizza is Italian and stroganoff is Russian, but pizza with stroganoff is Brazilian.
- Do you know of any typical foods in your country like this?
- (Any food in Europe that uses potatoes, tomatoes, or corn, couldn’t exist before trade with the Americas.)
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- Modal verbs and similar expressions:
- modals: can/could, will/would, may/might, shall/should, must, ought to, had better
- Modals don’t change for he/she/it, they are always followed by the base form, and they must come before any other verbs.
- *He will must study. (WRONG)
- similar expressions: have to, be able to, be supposed to, be allowed to
- Similar expressions have the same meaning as some modals, but they change for he/she/it and they don’t have to come before other verbs.
- He will have to study. (OKAY)
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- Find the modals and similar expressions in the article and underline them.
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- You have to arrive at 9:00. = You must arrive at 9:00. = You can’t arrive at a different time. (You have no choice.)
- You don’t have to arrive at 9:00. = You can arrive at a different time. (It’s up to you.)
- You must not arrive at 9:00. = You can’t arrive at 9:00. (You have no choice.)
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- BREAK
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- You must do this. = This is your only option. (You can’t do something else.)
- You have to do this. = This is your only option.
- You must not do this. = This is not an option. (You can’t do this. = You must do something else.)
- You should do this. = This is the best option. (You can do something else, but it’s not a good idea.)
- You shouldn’t do this. = This isn’t the best option. (You should do something else.)
- You can/could do this. = This is one of your options. (You can also do something else if you want.)
- You are allowed to do this. = This is an option. You have permission to do this.
- You don’t have to do this. = This is one of your options but you can choose something else.
- You can’t/couldn’t do this. = This is not one of your options. (You must do something else.)
- You aren’t allowed to do this. = This is not an option. You do not have permission to do this.
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- “can/can’t” are about ability, possibility, or permission
- “allowed to” is only about permission.
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- Almost all modals have multiple meanings in different situations. In this unit we’re talking about modals for advice, but that’s not the only way to use them.
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- p. 71 part 5 - Write sentences using one of the expressions in parentheses to express the same meaning. Then think of one food that could have each label.
- 1 Vegetarians can eat this product. (frozen meal with many ingredients)
- 2 People with nut allergies shouldn’t (can’t) eat this. (brownies)
- 3 You shouldn’t exceed the recommended daily intake of salt. (salt or a high-salt food)
- 4 You are not allowed to buy this product. (any food that’s given as a sample)
- 5 You have to heat this product thoroughly before serving. (meat)
- 6 Diabetics shouldn’t eat this product. (regular soda, cake, other sweet foods)
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- Discuss these questions in groups of 3:
- Do you have to keep eggs in the fridge? (Not, “Do you do this?” but “Do you have to do this?”)
- How about mayonnaise? Butter?
- Do you have to wash rice before you cook it?
- Do you have to eat fish on the day you buy it?
- Do you have to rinse pasta after you boil it?
- Do you have to cook meat until it isn’t pink?
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- p. 71 part 6 - What do you know about these foods? Is there something special you can’t do or have to do with them?
- part 7 - Listen to the conversations and complete the notes about each food
- 1 You’re not allowed to take it on the bus in Singapore.
- 2 You should avoid using raw eggs.
- 3 Only qualified chefs are allowed to prepare it in restaurants.
- 4 You have to ferment it first.
- 5 You can’t eat them in the warm summer months. (“Only eat them in months with an R.”)
- 6 You don’t have to peel them.
- 7 You must boil them for at least 15 minutes (in the US it’s recommended for at least 30 minutes).
- 8 You can eat raw steak.
- “It’s an acquired taste.” = A lot of people might hate it at first, but it’s possible to enjoy it if you’re used to it.
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- Homework: p. 163 practice 1
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