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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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- Homework: p. 100 exercise 12 - Complete the sentences with infinitive phrases that express your real opinions.
- 1 Most people can be trusted to get to work on time.
- 2 Children should be allowed to play video games on their vacation.
- 3 All teachers should be encouraged to ask for a raise.
- 4 Noisy people should be told to be quiet.
- 5 Teenagers should be warned not to smoke.
- 6 Students should be expected to stay awake in class.
- 7 Guests should be invited to have a nice party.
- 8 Rich people should be required to pay a lot of taxes.
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- Teenagers should be warned not to smoke. (passive)
- Parents should warn teenagers not to smoke. (active)
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- Gerunds: verb+ing used like a noun
- - subjects: Smoking is unhealthy.
- - objects of verbs: I don’t enjoy studying grammar.
- - objects of prepositions: I’m good at playing tennis. She can get a new card by showing the receipt. I look forward to skiing next weekend.
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- We can make gerunds negative, passive, and perfect (but generally not progressive, because “being verb(ing)” sounds weird).
- negative: I enjoy not smoking. I enjoy not having cancer from smoking.
- passive: I hate being treated impolitely. Children enjoy being allowed to play video games.
- perfect: I look forward to having finished my homework.
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- Handout p. 110 exercise 3 - Work with a partner to answer these questions.
- 1 My partner enjoys eating delicious food.
- My partner enjoys not waking up early to work. (Something you don’t do, and you’re happy that you don’t do it.)
- 2 My partner hates studying. My partner hates doing things alone. He hates traveling by train.
- My partner doesn’t mind other people smoking.
- 3 My partner likes giving help to other people.
- My partner likes other people giving money to him.
- 4 Attending a college typically requires studying hard.
- Attending a college typically requires having graduated from high school.
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- p. 111 exercise 4 - Underline the gerund and identify who or what performs that action.
- Jeff enjoys playing with his puppy on the weekends.
- I really appreciate your helping us get ready for the party.
- Peter has considered looking for a job that has less stress.
- Matt could never imagine taking work home from the office.
- Mary resents John's spending a year overseas.
- Denise will never excuse his having behaved so rudely.
- John wanted to postpone leaving for the trip, but he didn't anticipate not being able to change his ticket.
- We'll really miss Norman's singing and dancing in the stamp club talent show.
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- Because the gerund is like a noun, we use possessives when someone else performs the action.
- I’ve seen his driving. = I’ve seen the driving that he does. I know how he drives. I followed his car and I know that he drives fast and doesn’t use his turn-signal.
- I’ve seen him driving. = I’ve seen him while he was driving a car.
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- Like infinitives, there are different patters for how gerunds work with objects.
- pattern 1 - verb + gerund (you can’t put a noun or pronoun between the verb and the gerund)
- pattern 2 - verb + gerund OR verb + object + infinitive
- pattern 3 - verb + (optional object) + gerund
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- Homework: p. 113 exercise 7 - Make two sentences with each pattern 2 verb, one general (verb + gerund) and one specific (verb + object + infinitive).
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