2019-05-11 Saturday: 12 Experts

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: finish the conversation if you didn’t in class. Then write about it with reported speech.
    Also: read p. 147 and do parts 4, 5, and 6 on p. 146 (In part 6, identify exactly where in the paragraph each sentence should go.)
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part 4
1 T - “Their customs would have been familiar to a medieval European knight.”
2 F - There was a long period of peace.
3 T
4 F
5 T
part 5
1 appeal
2 overcoming
2 fierce
4 battle-weary
5 savage
6 unarmed = without weapons (one meaning of “arms”)
  armless = without arms (i.e. the body parts)
7 threat
8 lone
part 6
1 Bushido - at the end of the paragraph (after his words)
2 Samurai history - after “might never have existed” (after the sentence about these men)
3 Samurai identity - after “went to the theater” (“also” means this is after some other examples)
4 Samurai today - after “and TV dramas” (This is a specific example of one of the movies.)
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“Large solid pine desk. Three drawers on each side and kneehole.” = six drawers
Someone will pick you up. -> You will be picked up.
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Review of present perfect and present perfect continuous.
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p. 142 - Vocabulary - expeditions
If you’re on an expedition, how are each of the things in the box important?
What else is necessary or important on an expedition? Discuss in pairs.
- compass and map
- batteries and charger
- camera, binoculars
- first aid kit
- flashlight
- sunscreen
- insect repellent
- water treatment
- lighter or matches
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Read about Emma and Beth. What experiences do you think they had?
part 5 - Listen to Emma and Beth. Who says each word?
part 6 - Listen again and answer the questions.
1 local trackers and guides
2 people yelling and shouting
3 set up camp in an elephant path
4 it was flattened
5 mammoth remains
6 remote and deserted
7 millions of mosquitoes
8 nets over their heads
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part 7 - Who probably said each thing? What does each statement mean?
1 Emma - It was possible to be killed, but it didn’t happen.
2 Beth - It was possible to go another time, but we didn’t.
3 Beth - It wasn’t possible to avoid them (even if we’d done something different).
4 Emma - It was a good idea, but we didn’t do it.
5 Beth - It was a good idea, but we didn’t do it.
6 Emma - It wasn’t a good idea, but we did it.
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Grammar: modals for advisability and possibility in the past (unreal)

I should have done that. = It was a good idea, but I didn’t do it.
I could/might have done that differently. = It was a possibility, but I didn’t do it.
I might not have done that. = It was a possibility not to do it, but I did it.
I shouldn’t have done that. = It wasn’t a good idea, but I did it.
I couldn’t have done that differently. = It wasn’t a possibility.
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“could have” and “might have” can have real or unreal meanings
Too bad I didn’t buy a ticket. I might have won.
	unreal - I didn’t buy a ticket, so I definitely didn’t win, but it was possible to win (if I had a ticket).
Help me find my ticket. I might have won.
	real - I have a ticket, and it’s possible this ticket was a winner. I just need to check.
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p. 143 part 10 - Complete the paragraph with “should have”, “shouldn’t have”, “could have”, or “couldn’t have”
1 shouldn’t have eaten
2 couldn’t have felt
3 should have had
4 should have taken
5 could have died
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I could have died without the medicine. = I could have died if I hadn’t taken the medicine.
I should have taken it right away. = If I had taken it right away, I would have felt much better.
We couldn’t have avoided the insects. = Even if we had done something different, we couldn’t have avoided the insects.

past unreal conditional = third conditional
- change both halves of second conditional to be perfect tenses
If I had a lot of money, I would buy a house. - second conditional = present unreal
If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a house. - third conditional = past unreal
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BREAK
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p. 144
Where is the arctic? What is the environment like there?
How do people survive there? How did they survive 100 or 200 years ago?
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Read the review of The Man Who Ate His Boots
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Find the third conditional sentences in the article.

Explorers could have avoided the problems if they had copied the Inuit.
= They didn’t (and couldn’t) avoid the problems because they didn’t copy the Inuit.
If they had learned to build igloos, the explorers would have been warm.
= They didn’t learn to build igloos, so they were not warm.
If the explorers had worn sealskin, they wouldn’t have suffered from frostbite.
= They didn’t wear sealskin, so they suffered from frostbite.
Parry’s men wouldn’t have been as healthy if they hadn’t eaten the salads.
= Parry’s men were so healthy because they ate the salads.
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If I had studied, I would have passed the test.
= I didn’t study, so I didn’t pass the test. = Because I didn’t study, I didn’t pass the test.

I would have passed the test if I had studied.
= I didn’t pass the test becuase I didn’t study.
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Remember the form:
if + [past perfect], subject + would/could/might + have + past participle
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p. 145 part 9 - Match the pairs of sentences, then write third conditionals to explain each situation.
1 b - If we had planned everything better, the vacation wouldn’t have been a disaster.
2 c - If we had known how to read the road signs, we wouldn’t have gotten lost.
3 e - If we had taken a phrase book we could have asked for help.
4 d - If the local people hadn’t given us directions, we couldn’t have found our way back to the main road.
5 a - If we hadn’t forgotten to check the museum opening times, we wouldn’t have gotten there too late.
6 f - If we had bought tickets ahead of time, we would have gotten into the museum.
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All three conditional forms from this level:
1st = future real: If I eat shrimp, I will get sick.
2nd = present/future unreal: If I ate shrimp, I would get sick.
3rd = past unreal: If I had eaten shrimp, I would have gotten sick.
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p. 143 part 12 - look at the topics in the box
Tell your group about a time when you made a mistake or had an accident (related to one of these topics or anything else).
As a group, talk about what could have happened (if it had been worse).
Discuss what the person should or could have done differently.
Discuss what would have happened if they had acted differently.
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Homework: 11-12 test