New Query - works

add_filter( 'wpv_filter_query_post_process', 'prefix_modify_empty_query', 10, 3 );
function prefix_modify_empty_query( $query, $view_settings, $view_id )
{

    if ($view_id == 41)
    {

        // get some posts (author-profile cpt)
        $args = array(
            'posts_per_page'   => -1,
            'post_type'        => 'author-profile',
            'post_status'      => 'publish',
        );
        $posts_array = new WP_Query($args);

        //If there are some posts
        if (!empty($posts_array->posts))
        {
            //build a array for valid (to return) posts
            $valid_posts = array();

            //we need to check if the posts author has the correct cap
            foreach ($posts_array->posts as $post_array)
            {
               //this custom code checks wehter the author (user) is / has capability 'pp_speaker'
                require_once( ABSPATH . 'wp-includes/pluggable.php' );
                $groups_user = new Groups_User(get_the_author_meta('ID', $post_array->post_author));
                $can_make_donuts = $groups_user->can('pp_speaker');

                if ($can_make_donuts)
                    $valid_posts[] = $post_array;
            }
        }

        //If there are posts with this author / cap
        if (!empty($valid_posts))
        {
            //assign the valid posts array to the query
            $query->posts = $valid_posts;
        }

    }


    return $query;
}