Chapter 0
Course Introduction
0.0 Welcome to Introduction to Networks
0.0.1 Message to the Student
0.0.1.1 Welcome
0.0.1.2 A Global Community
0.0.1.3 More Than Just Information
0.0.1.4 How We Teach
0.0.1.5 Practice Leads to Mastery
0.0.1.6 Mind Wide Open
0.0.1.7 Engineering Journals
0.0.1.8 Explore the World of Networking
0.0.1.9 Create Your Own Worlds
0.0.1.10 How Packet Tracer Helps Master Concepts
0.0.1.11 Course Overview
Chapter 1
Explore the Network
1.0 Introduction
1.0.1 Welcome
1.0.1.1 Chapter 1: Exploring the Network
1.0.1.2 Class Activity - Draw Your Concept of the Internet
1.1 Globally Connected
1.1.1 Networking Today
1.1.1.1 Networks in Our Daily Lives
1.1.1.2 Technology Then and Now
1.1.1.3 No Boundaries
1.1.1.4 Networks Support the Way We Learn
1.1.1.5 Networks Support the Way We Communicate
1.1.1.6 Networks Support the Way We Work
1.1.1.7 Networks Support the Way We Play
1.1.1.8 Lab - Researching Network Collaboration Tools
1.1.2 Providing Resources in a Network
1.1.2.1 Networks of Many Sizes
1.1.2.2 Clients and Servers
1.1.2.3 Peer-to-Peer
1.2 LANs, WANs, and the Internet
1.2.1 Network Components
1.2.1.1 Overview of Network Components
1.2.1.2 End Devices
1.2.1.3 Intermediary Network Devices
1.2.1.4 Network Media
1.2.1.5 Network Representations
1.2.1.6 Topology Diagrams
1.2.1.7 Activity - Network Component Representations and Functions
1.2.2 LANs and WANs
1.2.2.1 Types of Networks
1.2.2.2 Local Area Networks
1.2.2.3 Wide Area Networks
1.2.3 The Internet, Intranets, and Extranets
1.2.3.1 The Internet
1.2.3.2 Intranets and Extranets
1.2.4 Internet Connections
1.2.4.1 Internet Access Technologies
1.2.4.2 Home and Small Office Internet Connections
1.2.4.3 Businesses Internet Connections
1.2.4.4 Packet Tracer - Help and Navigation Tips
1.2.4.5 Packet Tracer - Network Representation
1.3 The Network as a Platform
1.3.1 Converged Networks
1.3.1.1 Traditional Separate Networks
1.3.1.2 The Converging Network
1.3.1.3 Lab – Researching Converged Network Services
1.3.2 Reliable Network
1.3.2.1 Network Architecture
1.3.2.2 Fault Tolerance
1.3.2.3 Scalability
1.3.2.4 Quality of Service
1.3.2.5 Security
1.3.2.6 Activity - Reliable Networks
1.4 The Changing Network Environment
1.4.1 Network Trends
1.4.1.1 New Trends
1.4.1.2 Bring Your Own Device
1.4.1.3 Online Collaboration
1.4.1.4 Video Communication
1.4.1.5 Cloud Computing
1.4.2 Networking Technologies for the Home
1.4.2.1 Technology Trends in the Home
1.4.2.2 Powerline Networking
1.4.2.3 Wireless Broadband
1.4.3 Network Security
1.4.3.1 Security Threats
1.4.3.2 Security Solutions
1.4.3.3 Activity - Network Security Terminology
1.4.4 Network Architecture
1.4.4.1 Cisco Network Architecture
1.4.4.2 CCENT and CCNA Certification
1.4.4.3 Lab - Researching IT and Networking Job Opportunities
1.5 Summary
1.5.1 Conclusion
1.5.1.1 Class Activity – Draw Your Concept of the Internet Now
1.5.1.2 Warriors of the Net
1.5.1.3 Chapter 1: Exploring the Network
Chapter 2
Configure a Network Operating System
2.0 Introduction
2.0.1 Welcome
2.0.1.1 Chapter 2: Configure a Network Operating System
2.0.1.2 Class Activity - It Is Just an Operating System
2.1 IOS Bootcamp
2.1.1 Cisco IOS
2.1.1.1 Operating Systems
2.1.1.2 Purpose of OS
2.1.2 Cisco IOS Access
2.1.2.1 Access Methods
2.1.2.2 Terminal Emulation Programs
2.1.2.3 Activity - Accessing Devices
2.1.3 Navigate the IOS
2.1.3.1 Cisco IOS Modes of Operation
2.1.3.2 Primary Command Modes
2.1.3.3 Configuration Command Modes
2.1.3.4 Navigate Between IOS Modes
2.1.4 The Command Structure
2.1.4.1 Basic IOS Command Structure
2.1.4.2 IOS Command Syntax
2.1.4.3 IOS Help Features
2.1.4.4 Hotkeys and Shortcuts
2.1.4.5 Video Demonstration – Hotkeys and Shortcuts
2.1.4.6 Packet Tracer - Navigating the IOS
2.1.4.7 Lab - Establishing a Console Session with Tera Term
2.2 Basic Device Configuration
2.2.1 Hostnames
2.2.1.1 Device Names
2.2.1.2 Configure Hostnames
2.2.2 Limit Access to Device Configurations
2.2.2.1 Secure Device Access
2.2.2.2 Configure Passwords
2.2.2.3 Encrypt Passwords
2.2.2.4 Banner Messages
2.2.2.5 Syntax Checker - Limiting Access to a Switch
2.2.3 Save Configurations
2.2.3.1 Save the Running Configuration File
2.2.3.2 Alter the Running Configuration
2.2.3.3 Capture Configuration to a Text File
2.2.3.4 Packet Tracer - Configuring Initial Switch Settings
2.3 Address Schemes
2.3.1 Ports and Addresses
2.3.1.1 IP Addresses
2.3.1.2 Interfaces and Ports
2.3.2 Configure IP Addressing
2.3.2.1 Manual IP Address Configuration for End Devices
2.3.2.2 Automatic IP Address Configuration for End Devices
2.3.2.3 Switch Virtual Interface Configuration
2.3.2.4 Syntax Checker - Configuring a Switch Virtual Interface
2.3.2.5 Packet Tracer - Implementing Basic Connectivity
2.3.3 Verifying Connectivity
2.3.3.1 Interface Addressing Verification
2.3.3.2 End-to-End Connectivity Test
2.3.3.3 Lab - Building a Simple Network
2.3.3.4 Lab - Configuring a Switch Management Address
2.4 Summary
2.4.1 Conclusion
2.4.1.1 Class Activity - Tutor Me
2.4.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge
2.4.1.3 Chapter 2: Configure a Network Operating System
Chapter 3
Network Protocols and Communications
3.0 Introduction
3.0.1 Welcome
3.0.1.1 Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications
3.0.1.2 Class Activity - Designing a Communications System
3.1 Rules of Communication
3.1.1 The Rules
3.1.1.1 Communication Fundamentals
3.1.1.2 Rule Establishment
3.1.1.3 Message Encoding
3.1.1.4 Message Formatting and Encapsulation
3.1.1.5 Message Size
3.1.1.6 Message Timing
3.1.1.7 Message Delivery Options
3.2 Network Protocols and Standards
3.2.1 Protocols
3.2.1.1 Rules that Govern Communications
3.2.1.2 Network Protocols
3.2.1.3 Protocol Interaction
3.2.2 Protocol Suites
3.2.2.1 Protocol Suites and Industry Standards
3.2.2.2 Development of TCP/IP
3.2.2.3 TCP/IP Protocol Suite
3.2.2.4 TCP/IP Communication Process
3.2.2.5 Activity - Mapping the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite
3.2.3 Standard Organizations
3.2.3.1 Open Standards
3.2.3.2 Internet Standards
3.2.3.3 Electronics and Communications Standard Organizations
3.2.3.4 Lab - Researching Networking Standards
3.2.4 Reference Models
3.2.4.1 The Benefits of Using a Layered Model
3.2.4.2 The OSI Reference Model
3.2.4.3 The TCP/IP Protocol Model
3.2.4.4 OSI Model and TCP/IP Model Comparison
3.2.4.5 Activity - Identify Layers and Functions
3.2.4.6 Packet Tracer - Investigating the TCP/IP and OSI Models in Action
3.3 Data Transfer in the Network
3.3.1 Data Encapsulation
3.3.1.1 Message Segmentation
3.3.1.2 Protocol Data Units
3.3.1.3 Encapsulation Example
3.3.1.4 De-encapsulation
3.3.1.5 Activity - Identify the PDU Layer
3.3.2 Data Access
3.3.2.1 Network Addresses
3.3.2.2 Data Link Addresses
3.3.2.3 Devices on the Same Network
3.3.2.4 Devices on a Remote Network
3.4 Summary
3.4.1 Conclusion
3.4.1.1 Lab - Installing Wireshark
3.4.1.2 Lab - Using Wireshark to View Network Traffic
3.4.1.3 Class Activity - Guaranteed to Work!
3.4.1.4 Chapter 3: Network Protocols and Communications
Chapter 4
Network Access
4.0 Introduction
4.0.1 Welcome
4.0.1.1 Chapter 4: Network Access
4.0.1.2 Class Activity – Managing the Medium
4.1 Physical Layer Protocols
4.1.1 Physical Layer Connection
4.1.1.1 Types of Connections
4.1.1.2 Network Interface Cards
4.1.2 Purpose of the Physical Layer
4.1.2.1 The Physical Layer
4.1.2.2 Physical Layer Media
4.1.2.3 Physical Layer Standards
4.1.2.4 Lab - Identifying Network Devices and Cabling
4.1.3 Physical Layer Characteristics
4.1.3.1 Functions
4.1.3.2 Bandwidth
4.1.3.3 Throughput
4.1.3.4 Types of Physical Media
4.1.3.5 Activity - Physical Layer Terminology
4.2 Network Media
4.2.1 Copper Cabling
4.2.1.1 Characteristics of Copper Cabling
4.2.1.2 Copper Media
4.2.1.3 Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable
4.2.1.4 Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable
4.2.1.5 Coaxial Cable
4.2.1.6 Copper Media Safety
4.2.1.7 Activity - Copper Media Characteristics
4.2.2 UTP Cabling
4.2.2.1 Properties of UTP Cabling
4.2.2.2 UTP Cabling Standards
4.2.2.3 UTP Connectors
4.2.2.4 Types of UTP Cable
4.2.2.5 Testing UTP Cables
4.2.2.6 Cable Pinouts
4.2.2.7 Lab - Building an Ethernet Crossover Cable
4.2.3 Fiber-Optic Cabling
4.2.3.1 Properties of Fiber-Optic Cabling
4.2.3.2 Fiber Media Cable Design
4.2.3.3 Types of Fiber Media
4.2.3.4 Fiber-Optic Connectors
4.2.3.5 Testing Fiber Cables
4.2.3.6 Fiber versus Copper
4.2.3.7 Activity - Fiber Optics Terminology
4.2.4 Wireless Media
4.2.4.1 Properties of Wireless Media
4.2.4.2 Types of Wireless Media
4.2.4.3 Wireless LAN
4.2.4.4 Packet Tracer – Connecting a Wired and Wireless LAN
4.2.4.5 Lab - Viewing Wired and Wireless NIC Information
4.3 Data Link Layer Protocols
4.3.1 Purpose of the Data Link Layer
4.3.1.1 The Data Link Layer
4.3.1.2 Data Link Sublayers
4.3.1.3 Media Access Control
4.3.1.4 Providing Access to Media
4.3.1.5 Data Link Layer Standards
4.4 Media Access Control
4.4.1 Topologies
4.4.1.1 Controlling Access to the Media
4.4.1.2 Physical and Logical Topologies
4.4.2 WAN Topologies
4.4.2.1 Common Physical WAN Topologies
4.4.2.2 Physical Point-to-Point Topology
4.4.2.3 Logical Point-to-Point Topology
4.4.3 LAN Topologies
4.4.3.1 Physical LAN Topologies
4.4.3.2 Half and Full Duplex
4.4.3.3 Media Access Control Methods
4.4.3.4 Contention-Based Access – CSMA/CD
4.4.3.5 Contention-Based Access – CSMA/CA
4.4.4 Data Link Frame
4.4.4.1 The Frame
4.4.4.2 Frame Fields
4.4.4.3 Activity – Generic Frame Fields
4.4.4.4 Layer 2 Address
4.4.4.5 LAN and WAN Frames
4.5 Summary
4.5.1 Conclusion
4.5.1.1 Class Activity – Linked In!
4.5.1.2 Chapter 4: Network Access
Chapter 5
Ethernet
5.0 Introduction
5.0.1 Welcome
5.0.1.1 Chapter 5: Ethernet
5.0.1.2 Class Activity - Join My Social Circle!
5.1 Ethernet Protocol
5.1.1 Ethernet Frame
5.1.1.1 Ethernet Encapsulation
5.1.1.2 MAC Sublayer
5.1.1.3 Ethernet Evolution
5.1.1.4 Ethernet Frame Fields
5.1.1.5 Activity - MAC and LLC Sublayers
5.1.1.6 Activity - Ethernet Frame Fields
5.1.1.7 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine Ethernet Frames
5.1.2 Ethernet MAC Addresses
5.1.2.1 MAC Address and Hexadecimal
5.1.2.2 MAC Address: Ethernet Identity
5.1.2.3 Frame Processing
5.1.2.4 MAC Address Representations
5.1.2.5 Unicast MAC Address
5.1.2.6 Broadcast MAC Address
5.1.2.7 Multicast MAC Address
5.1.2.8 Lab - Viewing Network Device MAC Addresses
5.2 LAN Switches
5.2.1 The MAC Address Table
5.2.1.1 Switch Fundamentals
5.2.1.2 Learning MAC Addresses
5.2.1.3 Filtering Frames
5.2.1.4 Video Demonstration - MAC Address Tables on Connected Switches
5.2.1.5 Video Demonstration - Sending a Frame to the Default Gateway
5.2.1.6 Activity - Switch It!
5.2.1.7 Lab - Viewing the Switch MAC Address Table
5.2.2 Switch Forwarding Methods
5.2.2.1 Frame Forwarding Methods on Cisco Switches
5.2.2.2 Cut-Through Switching
5.2.2.3 Memory Buffering on Switches
5.2.2.4 Activity - Frame Forwarding Methods
5.2.3 Switch Port Settings
5.2.3.1 Duplex and Speed Settings
5.2.3.2 Auto-MDIX
5.3 Address Resolution Protocol
5.3.1 MAC and IP
5.3.1.1 Destination on Same Network
5.3.1.2 Destination Remote Network
5.3.1.3 Packet Tracer – Identify MAC and IP Addresses
5.3.2 ARP
5.3.2.1 Introduction to ARP
5.3.2.2 ARP Functions
5.3.2.3 Video Demonstration – ARP Request
5.3.2.4 Video Demonstration – ARP Reply
5.3.2.5 Video Demonstration – ARP Role in Remote Communication
5.3.2.6 Removing Entries from an ARP Table
5.3.2.7 ARP Tables
5.3.2.8 Packet Tracer - Examine the ARP Table
5.3.3 ARP Issues
5.3.3.1 ARP Broadcasts
5.3.3.2 ARP Spoofing
5.4 Summary
5.4.1 Conclusion
5.4.1.1 Class Activity - MAC and Choose…
5.4.1.2 Chapter 5: Ethernet
Chapter 6
Network Layer
6.0 Introduction
6.0.1 Welcome
6.0.1.1 Chapter 6: Network Layer
6.0.1.2 Class Activity - The Road Less Traveled…
6.1 Network Layer Protocols
6.1.1 Network Layer in Communications
6.1.1.1 The Network Layer
6.1.1.2 Network Layer Protocols
6.1.2 Characteristics of the IP Protocol
6.1.2.1 Encapsulating IP
6.1.2.2 Characteristics of IP
6.1.2.3 IP - Connectionless
6.1.2.4 IP - Best Effort Delivery
6.1.2.5 IP - Media Independent
6.1.2.6 Activity - IP Characteristics
6.1.3 IPv4 Packet
6.1.3.1 IPv4 Packet Header
6.1.3.2 Video Demonstration - Sample IPv4 Headers in Wireshark
6.1.3.3 Activity - IPv4 Header Fields
6.1.4 IPv6 Packet
6.1.4.1 Limitations of IPv4
6.1.4.2 Introducing IPv6
6.1.4.3 Encapsulating IPv6
6.1.4.4 IPv6 Packet Header
6.1.4.5 Video Demonstration - Sample IPv6 Headers and Wireshark
6.1.4.6 Activity - IPv6 Header Fields
6.2 Routing
6.2.1 How a Host Routes
6.2.1.1 Host Forwarding Decision
6.2.1.2 Default Gateway
6.2.1.3 Using the Default Gateway
6.2.1.4 Host Routing Tables
6.2.2 Router Routing Tables
6.2.2.1 Router Packet Forwarding Decision
6.2.2.2 IPv4 Router Routing Table
6.2.2.3 Video Demonstration - Introducing the IPv4 Routing Table
6.2.2.4 Directly Connected Routing Table Entries
6.2.2.5 Remote Network Routing Table Entries
6.2.2.6 Next-Hop Address
6.2.2.7 Video Demonstration – Explaining the IPv4 Routing Table
6.2.2.8 Activity - Identify Elements of a Router Routing Table Entry
6.3 Routers
6.3.1 Anatomy of a Router
6.3.1.1 A Router is a Computer
6.3.1.2 Router CPU and OS
6.3.1.3 Router Memory
6.3.1.4 Inside a Router
6.3.1.5 Connect to a Router
6.3.1.6 LAN and WAN Interfaces
6.3.1.7 Activity - Identify Router Components
6.3.1.8 Packet Tracer - Exploring Internetworking Devices
6.3.2 Router Boot-up
6.3.2.1 Bootset Files
6.3.2.2 Router Bootup Process
6.3.2.3 Video Demonstration – Router Bootup Process
6.3.2.4 Show Version Output
6.3.2.5 Video Demonstration - The show version Command
6.3.2.6 Activity - The Router Boot Process
6.3.2.7 Lab - Exploring Router Physical Characteristics
6.4 Configure a Cisco Router
6.4.1 Configure Initial Settings
6.4.1.1 Basic Switch Configuration Steps
6.4.1.2 Basic Router Configuration Steps
6.4.1.3 Packet Tracer - Configure Initial Router Settings
6.4.2 Configure Interfaces
6.4.2.1 Configure Router Interfaces
6.4.2.2 Verify Interface Configuration
6.4.3 Configure the Default Gateway
6.4.3.1 Default Gateway for a Host
6.4.3.2 Default Gateway for a Switch
6.4.3.3 Packet Tracer - Connect a Router to a LAN
6.4.3.4 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Default Gateway Issues
6.5 Summary
6.5.1 Conclusion
6.5.1.1 Class Activity - Can You Read This Map?
6.5.1.2 Lab - Building a Switch and Router Network
6.5.1.3 Packet Tracer - Skills Integration Challenge
6.5.1.4 Chapter 6: Network Layer
Chapter 7
IP Addressing
7.0 Introduction
7.0.1 Welcome
7.0.1.1 Chapter 7: IP Addressing
7.0.1.2 Class Activity – The Internet of Everything (IoE)
7.1 IPv4 Network Addresses
7.1.1 Binary and Decimal Conversion
7.1.1.1 IPv4 Addresses
7.1.1.2 Video Demonstration – Converting Between Binary and Decimal Numbering Systems
7.1.1.3 Positional Notation
7.1.1.4 Binary to Decimal Conversion
7.1.1.5 Activity – Binary to Decimal Conversion
7.1.1.6 Decimal to Binary Conversion
7.1.1.7 Decimal to Binary Conversion Examples
7.1.1.8 Activity – Decimal to Binary Conversion Utility
7.1.1.9 Activity – Binary Game
7.1.2 IPv4 Address Structure
7.1.2.1 Network and Host Portions
7.1.2.2 The Subnet Mask
7.1.2.3 Logical AND
7.1.2.4 Activity – ANDing to Determine the Network Address
7.1.2.5 The Prefix Length
7.1.2.6 Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
7.1.2.7 Video Demonstration - Network, Host, and Broadcast Addresses
7.1.2.8 Lab – Using the Windows Calculator with Network Addresses
7.1.2.9 Lab – Converting IPv4 Addresses to Binary
7.1.3 IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast
7.1.3.1 Static IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
7.1.3.2 Dynamic IPv4 Address Assignment to a Host
7.1.3.3 IPv4 Communication
7.1.3.4 Unicast Transmission
7.1.3.5 Broadcast Transmission
7.1.3.6 Multicast Transmission
7.1.3.7 Activity – Unicast, Broadcast, or Multicast
7.1.3.8 Packet Tracer – Investigate Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Traffic
7.1.4 Types of IPv4 Addressses
7.1.4.1 Public and Private IPv4 Addresses
7.1.4.2 Activity – Pass or Block IPv4 Addresses
7.1.4.3 Special User IPv4 Addresses
7.1.4.4 Legacy Classful Addressing
7.1.4.5 Video Demonstration - Classful IPv4 Addressing
7.1.4.6 Classless Addressing
7.1.4.7 Assignment of IP Addresses
7.1.4.8 Activity – Public or Private IPv4 Addresses
7.1.4.9 Lab – Identifying IPv4 Addresses
7.2 IPv6 Network Addresses
7.2.1 IPv4 Issues
7.2.1.1 The Need for IPv6
7.2.1.2 IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence
7.2.1.3 Activity – IPv4 Issues and Solutions
7.2.2 IPv6 Addressing
7.2.2.1 IPv6 Address Representation
7.2.2.2 Rule 1 – Omit Leading 0s
7.2.2.3 Rule 2 – Omit All 0 Segments
7.2.2.4 Activity – Practicing IPv6 Address Representations
7.2.3 Types of IPv6 Addresses
7.2.3.1 IPv6 Address Types
7.2.3.2 IPv6 Prefix Length
7.2.3.3 IPv6 Unicast Addresses
7.2.3.4 IPv6 Link-Local Unicast Addresses
7.2.3.5 Activity – Identify Types of IPv6 Addresses
7.2.4 IPv6 Unicast Addresses
7.2.4.1 Structure of an IPv6 Global Unicast Address
7.2.4.2 Static Configuration of a Global Unicast Address
7.2.4.3 Dynamic Configuration - SLAAC
7.2.4.4 Dynamic Configuration – DHCPv6
7.2.4.5 EUI-64 Process and Randomly Generated
7.2.4.6 Dynamic Link-Local Addresses
7.2.4.7 Static Link-Local Addresses
7.2.4.8 Verifying IPv6 Address Configuration
7.2.4.9 Packet Tracer – Configuring IPv6 Addressing
7.2.5 IPv6 Multicast Addresses
7.2.5.1 Assigned IPv6 Multicast Addresses
7.2.5.2 Solicited-Node IPv6 Multicast Addresses
7.2.5.3 Lab – Identifying IPv6 Addresses
7.2.5.4 Lab – Configuring IPv6 Addresses on Network Devices
7.3 Connectivity Verification
7.3.1 ICMP
7.3.1.1 ICMPv4 and ICMPv6
7.3.1.2 ICMPv6 Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement Messages
7.3.2 Testing and Verification
7.3.2.1 Ping - Testing the Local Stack
7.3.2.2 Ping – Testing Connectivity to the Local LAN
7.3.2.3 Ping – Testing Connectivity to Remote
7.3.2.4 Traceroute – Testing the Path
7.3.2.5 Packet Tracer – Verifying IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
7.3.2.6 Packet Tracer – Pinging and Tracing to Test the Path
7.3.2.7 Lab – Testing Network Connectivity with Ping and Traceroute
7.3.2.8 Lab – Mapping the Internet
7.3.2.9 Packet Tracer – Troubleshooting IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing
7.4 Summary
7.4.1 Conclusion
7.4.1.1 Class Activity – The Internet of Everything…Naturally!
7.4.1.2 Packet Tracer – Skills Integration Challenge
7.4.1.3 Chapter 7: IP Addressing
Chapter 8
Subnetting IP Networks
8.0 Introduction
8.0.1 Welcome
8.0.1.1 Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks
8.0.1.2 Class Activity – Call Me!
8.1 Subnetting an IPv4 Network
8.1.1 Network Segmentation
8.1.1.1 Broadcast Domains
8.1.1.2 Problems with Large Broadcast Domains
8.1.1.3 Reasons for Subnetting
8.1.2 Subnetting an IPv4 Network
8.1.2.1 Octet Boundaries
8.1.2.2 Subnetting on the Octet Boundary
8.1.2.3 Classless Subnetting
8.1.2.4 Video Demonstration – The Subnet Mask
8.1.2.5 Video Demonstration – Subnetting with the Magic Number
8.1.2.6 Classless Subnetting Example
8.1.2.7 Creating 2 Subnets
8.1.2.8 Video Demonstration – Creating Two Equal-Sized Subnets
8.1.2.9 Subnetting Formulas
8.1.2.10 Creating 4 Subnets
8.1.2.11 Video Demonstration – Creating Four Equal-Sized Subnets
8.1.2.12 Video Demonstration – Creating Eight Equal-Sized Subnets
8.1.3 Subnetting a /16 and /8 Prefix
8.1.3.1 Creating Subnets with a /16 prefix
8.1.3.2 Creating 100 Subnets with a /16 Network
8.1.3.3 Calculating the Hosts
8.1.3.4 Video Demonstration – Creating One Hundred Equal-Sized Subnets
8.1.3.5 Creating 1000 Subnets with a /8 Network
8.1.3.6 Video Demonstration – Subnetting Across Multiple Octets
8.1.4 Subnetting to Meet Requirements
8.1.4.1 Subnetting Based on Host Requirements
8.1.4.2 Subnetting Based on Network Requirements
8.1.4.3 Network Requirement Example
8.1.4.4 Activity – Calculate the Subnet Mask
8.1.4.5 Activity – Determining the Number of Bits to Borrow
8.1.4.6 Lab - Calculating IPv4 Subnets
8.1.4.7 Packet Tracer - Subnetting Scenario
8.1.4.8 Lab – Designing and Implementing a Subnetted IPv4 Addressing Scheme
8.1.5 Benefits of Variable Length Subnet Masking
8.1.5.1 Traditional Subnetting Wastes Addresses
8.1.5.2 Variable Length Subnet Masks
8.1.5.3 Basic VLSM
8.1.5.4 Video Demonstration – Basic VLSM
8.1.5.5 VLSM in Practice
8.1.5.6 VLSM Chart
8.1.5.7 Video Demonstration – VLSM Example
8.1.5.8 Activity – Practicing VLSM
8.2 Addressing Schemes
8.2.1 Structured Design
8.2.1.1 Network Address Planning
8.2.1.2 Planning to Address the Network
8.2.1.3 Assigning Addresses to Devices
8.2.1.4 Packet Tracer – Designing and Implementing a VLSM Addressing Scheme
8.2.1.5 Lab – Designing and Implementing a VLSM Addressing Scheme
8.3 Design Considerations for IPv6
8.3.1 Subnetting an IPv6 Network
8.3.1.1 The IPv6 Global Unicast Address
8.3.1.2 Subnetting Using the Subnet ID
8.3.1.3 IPv6 Subnet Allocation
8.3.1.4 Packet Tracer – Implementing a Subnetted IPv6 Addressing Scheme
8.4 Summary
8.4.1 Conclusion
8.4.1.1 Class Activity – Can you call me now?
8.4.1.2 Packet Tracer – Skills Integration Challenge
8.4.1.3 Chapter 8: Subnetting IP Networks
Chapter 9
Transport Layer
9.0 Introduction
9.0.1 Welcome
9.0.1.1 Transport Layer
9.0.1.2 Class Activity - We Need to Talk - Game
9.1 Transport Layer Protocols
9.1.1 Transportation of Data
9.1.1.1 Role of the Transport Layer
9.1.1.2 Transport Layer Responsibilities
9.1.1.3 Conversation Multiplexing
9.1.1.4 Transport Layer Reliability
9.1.1.5 TCP
9.1.1.6 UDP
9.1.1.7 The Right Transport Layer Protocol for the Right Application
9.1.2 TCP and UDP Overview
9.1.2.1 TCP Features
9.1.2.2 TCP Header
9.1.2.3 UDP Features
9.1.2.4 UDP Header
9.1.2.5 Multiple Separate Conversations
9.1.2.6 Port Numbers
9.1.2.7 Socket Pairs
9.1.2.8 Port Number Groups
9.1.2.9 The netstat Command
9.1.2.10 Activity - Compare TCP and UDP Characteristics
9.2 TCP and UDP
9.2.1 TCP Communication Process
9.2.1.1 TCP Server Processes
9.2.1.2 TCP Connection Establishment
9.2.1.3 TCP Session Termination
9.2.1.4 TCP Three-way Handshake Analysis
9.2.1.5 Video Demonstration – TCP 3-Way Handshake
9.2.1.6 Lab - Using Wireshark to Observe the TCP 3-Way Handshake
9.2.1.7 Activity - TCP Connection and Termination Process
9.2.2 Reliability and Flow Control
9.2.2.1 TCP Reliability - Ordered Delivery
9.2.2.2 Video Demonstration - Sequence Numbers and Acknowledgments
9.2.2.3 Video Demonstration - Data Loss and Retransmission
9.2.2.4 TCP Flow Control - Window Size and Acknowledgments
9.2.2.5 TCP Flow Control - Congestion Avoidance
9.2.3 UDP Communication
9.2.3.1 UDP Low Overhead versus Reliability
9.2.3.2 UDP Datagram Reassembly
9.2.3.3 UDP Server Processes and Requests
9.2.3.4 UDP Client Processes
9.2.3.5 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine a UDP DNS Capture
9.2.4 TCP or UDP
9.2.4.1 Applications that use TCP
9.2.4.2 Applications that use UDP
9.2.4.3 Lab - Using Wireshark to Examine FTP and TFTP Captures
9.2.4.4 Activity - TCP, UDP, or Both
9.3 Summary
9.3.1 Conclusion
9.3.1.1 Class Activity - We Need to Talk, Again - Game
9.3.1.2 Packet Tracer - TCP and UDP Communications
9.3.1.3 Chapter 9: Transport Layer
Chapter 10
Application Layer
10.0 Introduction
10.0.1 Welcome
10.0.1.1 Chapter 10: Application Layer
10.0.1.2 Class Activity – Application Investigation
10.1 Application Layer Protocols
10.1.1 Application, Presentation, and Session
10.1.1.1 Application Layer
10.1.1.2 Presentation and Session Layer
10.1.1.3 TCP/IP Application Layer Protocols
10.1.1.4 Activity – Application and Presentation (Protocols and Standards)
10.1.2 How Application Protocols Interact with End-User Applications
10.1.2.1 Client-Server Model
10.1.2.2 Peer-to-Peer Networks
10.1.2.3 Peer-to-Peer Applications
10.1.2.4 Common P2P Applications
10.1.2.5 Lab – Researching Peer-to-Peer File Sharing
10.2 Well-Known Application Layer Protocols and Services
10.2.1 Web and Email Protocols
10.2.1.1 Hypertext Transfer Protocol and Hypertext Markup Language
10.2.1.2 HTTP and HTTPS
10.2.1.3 Email Protocols
10.2.1.4 SMTP Operation
10.2.1.5 POP Operation
10.2.1.6 IMAP Operation
10.2.1.7 Packet Tracer – Web and Email
10.2.2 IP Addressing Services
10.2.2.1 Domain Name Service
10.2.2.2 DNS Message Format
10.2.2.3 DNS Hierarchy
10.2.2.4 The nslookup Command
10.2.2.5 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
10.2.2.6 DHCP Operation
10.2.2.7 Packet Tracer – DHCP and DNS Servers
10.2.2.8 Lab – Observing DNS Servers
10.2.3 File Sharing Services
10.2.3.1 File Transfer Protocol
10.2.3.2 Server Message Block
10.2.3.3 Packet Tracer - FTP
10.2.3.4 Lab – Exploring FTP
10.3 Summary
10.3.1 Conclusion
10.3.1.1 Modeling Activity – Make it happen!
10.3.1.2 Packet Tracer - Explore a Network
10.3.1.3 Packet Tracer - Multiuser - Tutorial
10.3.1.4 Packet Tracer Multiuser - Implement Services
10.3.1.5 Chapter 10: Application Layer
Chapter 11
Build a Small Network
11.0 Introduction
11.0.1 Welcome
11.0.1.1 Chapter 11: Build a Small Network
11.0.1.2 Class Activity - Did You Notice…?
11.1 Network Design
11.1.1 Devices in a Small Network
11.1.1.1 Small Network Topologies
11.1.1.2 Device Selection for a Small Network
11.1.1.3 IP Addressing for a Small Network
11.1.1.4 Redundancy in a Small Network
11.1.1.5 Traffic Management
11.1.2 Small Network Applications and Protocols
11.1.2.1 Common Applications
11.1.2.2 Common Protocols
11.1.2.3 Voice and Video Applications
11.1.3 Scale to Larger Networks
11.1.3.1 Small Network Growth
11.1.3.2 Protocol Analysis
11.1.3.3 Employee Network Utilization
11.2 Network Security
11.2.1 Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
11.2.1.1 Types of Threats
11.2.1.2 Physical Security
11.2.1.3 Types of Vulnerabilities
11.2.1.4 Activity - Security Threats and Vulnerabilities
11.2.2 Network Attacks
11.2.2.1 Types of Malware
11.2.2.2 Reconnaissance Attacks
11.2.2.3 Access Attacks
11.2.2.4 Denial of Service Attacks
11.2.2.5 Activity - Types of Attack
11.2.2.6 Lab - Researching Network Security Threats
11.2.3 Network Attack Mitigation
11.2.3.1 Backup, Upgrade, Update, and Patch
11.2.3.2 Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
11.2.3.3 Firewalls
11.2.3.4 Endpoint Security
11.2.4 Device Security
11.2.4.1 Device Security Overview
11.2.4.2 Passwords
11.2.4.3 Basic Security Practices
11.2.4.4 Enable SSH
11.2.4.5 Packet Tracer - Configuring Secure Passwords and SSH
11.2.4.6 Lab - Accessing Network Devices with SSH
11.2.4.7 Lab - Examining Telnet and SSH in Wireshark
11.2.4.8 Lab - Securing Network Devices
11.3 Basic Network Performance
11.3.1 The ping Command
11.3.1.1 Interpreting Ping Results
11.3.1.2 Extended Ping
11.3.1.3 Network Baseline
11.3.2 The traceroute and tracert Command
11.3.2.1 Interpreting Trace Messages
11.3.2.2 Extended Traceroute
11.3.2.3 Packet Tracer – Test Connectivity with Traceroute
11.3.2.4 Lab -Testing Network Latency with Ping and Traceroute
11.3.3 Show Commands
11.3.3.1 Common show Commands Revisited
11.3.3.2 Video Demonstration - The show version Command
11.3.3.3 Packet Tracer - Using show Commands
11.3.4 Host and IOS Commands
11.3.4.1 The ipconfig Command
11.3.4.2 The arp Command
11.3.4.3 The show cdp neighbors Command
11.3.4.4 The show ip interface brief Command
11.3.4.5 Activity - Show Commands
11.3.4.6 Lab - Using the CLI to Gather Network Device Information
11.3.5 Debugging
11.3.5.1 The debug Command
11.3.5.2 The terminal monitor Command
11.4 Network Troubleshooting
11.4.1 Troubleshooting Methodologies
11.4.1.1 Basic Troubleshooting Approaches
11.4.1.2 Resolve or Escalate?
11.4.1.3 Verify and Monitor Solution
11.4.1.4 Activity – Order the Troubleshooting Steps
11.4.2 Troubleshoot Cables and Interfaces
11.4.2.1 Duplex Operation
11.4.2.2 Duplex Mismatch
11.4.3 Troubleshooting Scenarios
11.4.3.1 IP Addressing Issues on IOS Devices
11.4.3.2 IP Addressing Issues on End Devices
11.4.3.3 Default Gateway Issues
11.4.3.4 Troubleshooting DNS Issues
11.4.3.5 Lab - Troubleshooting Connectivity Issues
11.4.3.6 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Connectivity Issues
11.5 Summary
11.5.1 Conclusion
11.5.1.1 Class Activity - Design and Build a Small Business Network
11.5.1.2 Packet Tracer - Skill Integration Challenge
11.5.1.3 Packet Tracer - Troubleshooting Challenge
11.5.1.4 Before You Go
11.5.1.5 Chapter 11: Build a Small Network