var $tree = $('.jstree', myContext),
    node = $tree.find('li').filter(function() {
        return ( $(this).data().location || {}).id === 158;
    });
$tree.jstree('select_node', n)

.on('loaded.jstree', function() {
    // Do something here...
  });

jQuery("#getStartedTree").jstree("select_node", "#test2");

The JSON in the TextFile.txt - borrowed from your simple example
 [
     {
     "data" : "A node",
     "children" : [ "Child 1", "Child 2" ]
     },
     {
     "attr" : { "id" : "test1" },
         "data" : {
             "title" : "Long format demo",
             "attr" : { "id" : "test2", "href" : "#" }
         }
     }
 ]

My tree container is <div id="getStartedTree">

My jsTree code
 $("#getStartedTree").jstree({
            "themes": {
                "theme": "default",
                "url": "../App_Css/Themes/Default/style.css",
                "dots": true,
                "icons": true
            },
            "json_data": {
                "ajax": {
                    "url": "../SiteMaps/TextFile.txt",
                    "dataType": "json",
                    "data": function(n) {
                        return { id: n.attr ? n.attr("id") : 0 };
                    }
                }
            },
            "plugins": ["themes", "json_data", "ui"]
        });

$(treeIdHandle + " li[id=" + nodeId + "] a").click();

// after the tree is loaded
$(".jstree").on("loaded.jstree", function(){
    // don't use "#" for ID
    $('.jstree').jstree(true).select_node('ElementId');
});

// after the tree is loaded
$(".jstree").on("loaded.jstree", function(){
    // don't use "#" for ID
    $('.jstree').jstree(true).select_node('ElementId');
});

// after the tree is loaded
$(".jstree").on("loaded.jstree", function(){
    // don't use "#" for ID
    $('.jstree').jstree(true).select_node('ElementId');
});

$(".jstree").on("loaded.jstree", function(){
    <?php foreach($tree as $node): ?>
        $('.jstree').jstree(true).select_node('<?=$node?>');
    <?php endforeach;?>
});

$('.jstree').jstree(true).select_node('element id');

jQuery.each(produto.categorias, function(i, categoria) {
    $('#lista-categorias').jstree(true).select_node(categoria.dadoCategoria.id);
});

<div class="tree-menu">
    <ul class="menu">
        <li id="node_1">
            Node 1 - Level 1
           <ul class="menu">
               <li id="node_3">
                   Node 3 - Level 2
               </li>
           </ul>
        </li>
        <li id="node_2">
            Node 2 - Level 1
        </li>
    </ul>
</div>

$('.tree-menu').jstree(true).select_node("node_3");