2018-05-01 TOEFL: word roots, reading insertion

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Word Roots - list 6 - With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
re (recycle, rebound, reuse, recline) = again/back
reg (regulation, regent, regime) = rule
retro (retrograde, retroactive, retrospect) = backward
rupt (disrupt, rupture) = break/burst
scend (ascend, descend, crescendo) = climb
scope/skep/spec (microscope, spectacle, speculate) = look/see
scrib/script (transcript, scripture, inscribe) = write (Often verbs have “scribe” and nouns have “script” or “scription”.)
sect/seg (dissect, bisect, sector, segment) = cut
semi (semicircle, semiannual) = half
sol (solitude, desolate) = alone
sol (solar, solarium) = Sun
soph (philosophy, sophisticated) = wisdom
struct (construct, structure) = build
sub (subterranean, submerge, substandard) = under
super (superstructure, supersonic) = over
tele (telephone, telescope, telepathy) = far
term (determine, terminate) = limit/end (Words like “determine”, “terminology”, and “define” have to do with putting limits on ideas so you can talk about them.)
terra/terri (territory, terrain) = land/Earth
therm (thermometer, thermal) = heat
trans (transport, transaction, transverse) = cross
ultra (ultraviolet, ultrasound) = over (the opposite prefix is “infra”)
uni (universe, unique, unilateral) = one
vac (vacuum, vacate, evacuate) = empty
vari (variety, variable) = change
veri (verify, veracity) = true
viv/vit (vital, vivacious) = life
vol (benevolent, volunteer, volition) = will
xeno (xenophobia, xenophile) = foreign/strange
zoo (zoology, zooplankton) = animal
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“tear” is spelled like “tear” but not like “tare” or “tier”
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TOEFL: four parts, 30 points each for a total of 120, about 4 hours or more
1 reading: 3 or 4 passages, 60-80 minutes total, about 14 questions per passage
2 listening: 2 or 3 sets of 3 listenings, 60-90 minutes total, 17 questions per set
	(10-minute break)
3 speaking: six tasks, 5m30s of total speaking time, about 20 minutes total time
4 writing: two tasks, 20 and 30 minutes to write, about 60 minutes total
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Reading Question Types:
- vocabulary
- fact/detail
- negative fact
- inference
- purpose
- reference/pronouns
- paraphrase
- sentence insertion / coherence
- summarize
- organize
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Sentence Insertion - Look again at these questions from yesterday’s test.
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DELTA p. 124-126 describes clues for answering these questions.
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BREAK
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p. 125 - Are you comfortable with the meanings of all the pronouns in the box?
“former” and “latter” are the comparatives of “first” and “last” - We use these when there are only two things being discussed.
(“neither”, “either”, and “both” also refer to exactly two)
Some of my students speak Spanish.
	Another speaks Turkish. = One person speaks Turkish. (I haven’t mentioned the rest yet.)
	The other speaks Turkish. = One person speaks Turkish. (There is no one else in the class.)
	Others speak Turkish. = Some people speak Turkish. (I haven’t mentioned the rest yet.)
	The others speak Turkish. = Some people speak Turkish. (There is no one else in the class.)
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p. 129 - Take 3 minutes to choose the best location for these sentences. Then check with your partner.
1 A
2 B
3 C (“narrower” and “more beneficial” are comparatives, comparing these trees to the ones from the previous sentence)
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p. 130 - Take 3 minutes for these.
4 D (The flute has no reed, so the new sentence can’t be about the flute.)
5 C
6 D
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p. 131-132 - Take 4 minutes to finish 1.7.A
7 C (Usually more general information is before more specific details.)
8 A
9 D
10 B (“Both physical…” and “Both biological…” give examples of each area being interdependent of the others.)
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p. 132-133 - Take 3 minutes to answer the first questions of 1.7.B
1 C
2 A
3 C
133-134 - 3 minutes for 4-6
4 B
5 D
6 B
134-135 - 3 minutes to finish 1.7.B
7 B
8 C
9 D
10 A
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Homework: handout (Cambridge) p. 172-177