inline int readChar();
template <class T = int> inline T readInt();

/** Read */

static const int buf_size = 4096;

inline int getChar() {
    static char buf[buf_size];
    static int len = 0, pos = 0;
    if (pos == len)
        pos = 0, len = fread(buf, 1, buf_size, stdin);
    if (pos == len)
        return -1;
    return buf[pos++];
}

inline int readChar() {
    int c = getChar();
    while (c <= 32)
        c = getChar();
    return c;
}

template <class T>
inline T readInt() {
    int s = 1, c = readChar();
    T x = 0;
    if (c == '-')
        s = -1, c = getChar();
    while ('0' <= c && c <= '9')
        x = x * 10 + c - '0', c = getChar();
    return s == 1 ? x : -x;
}