show variables like 'char%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8                       |
| character_set_connection | utf8                       |
| character_set_database   | utf8                       |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | utf8                       |
| character_set_server     | utf8                       |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

select * from catalogs;

which mysql

/usr/bin/mysql

dpkg -S $(which mysql)

mysql-client-core-5.6: /usr/bin/mysql

mysql -uroot -p123

sudo apt-get install mysql-server.

Ubuntu 18.04 Server
В файле конфигурации /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d.mysql.cnf
В блоке [mysqld], прописать

[mysqld]
...
...
init_connect='SET collation_connection = utf8_general_ci'
character-set-server = utf8
collation-server = utf8_general_ci
...

В блоке [client] прописать

[client]
...
...
# ЗАКОМЕНТИРОВАТЬ !
#default-character-set = utf8_general_ci
#default-character-set = utf8
...