traceback output

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError                            Traceback (most recent call last)
AttributeError: 'Explanation' object has no attribute 'conjugate'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

TypeError                                 Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 7
      1 #import shap
      2
      3 #explainer = shap.Explainer(model)
      4 #shap_values = explainer(X_train)
      5
      6 # create a SHAP dependence plot for a specific feature
----> 7 shap.dependence_plot("iv_total", shap_values, X_train)
      8 plt.show()

File ~/Research/Libraries/miniforge3/envs/workspace-ds/lib/python3.10/site-packages/shap/plots/_scatter.py:568, in dependence_legacy(ind, shap_values, features, feature_names, display_features, interaction_index, color, axis_color, cmap, dot_size, x_jitter, alpha, title, xmin, xmax, ax, show, ymin, ymax)
    566 if not hasattr(ind, "__len__"):
    567     if interaction_index == "auto":
--> 568         interaction_index = approximate_interactions(ind, shap_values, features)[0]
    569     interaction_index = convert_name(interaction_index, shap_values, feature_names)
    570 categorical_interaction = False

File ~/Research/Libraries/miniforge3/envs/workspace-ds/lib/python3.10/site-packages/shap/utils/_general.py:143, in approximate_interactions(index, shap_values, X, feature_names)
    141 if not (i == index or np.sum(np.abs(val_other)) < 1e-8):
    142     for j in range(0, len(x), inc):
--> 143         if np.std(val_other[j:j + inc]) > 0 and np.std(shap_ref[j:j + inc]) > 0:
    144             v += abs(np.corrcoef(shap_ref[j:j + inc], val_other[j:j + inc])[0, 1])
    145 val_v = v

File <__array_function__ internals>:5, in std(*args, **kwargs)

File ~/Research/Libraries/miniforge3/envs/workspace-ds/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/fromnumeric.py:3581, in std(a, axis, dtype, out, ddof, keepdims, where)
   3578     else:
   3579         return std(axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof, **kwargs)
-> 3581 return _methods._std(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof,
   3582                      **kwargs)

File ~/Research/Libraries/miniforge3/envs/workspace-ds/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/_methods.py:262, in _std(a, axis, dtype, out, ddof, keepdims, where)
    260 def _std(a, axis=None, dtype=None, out=None, ddof=0, keepdims=False, *,
    261          where=True):
--> 262     ret = _var(a, axis=axis, dtype=dtype, out=out, ddof=ddof,
    263                keepdims=keepdims, where=where)
    265     if isinstance(ret, mu.ndarray):
    266         ret = um.sqrt(ret, out=ret)

File ~/Research/Libraries/miniforge3/envs/workspace-ds/lib/python3.10/site-packages/numpy/core/_methods.py:242, in _var(a, axis, dtype, out, ddof, keepdims, where)
    238     x = um.add(xv[..., 0], xv[..., 1], out=x.real).real
    239 # Most general case; includes handling object arrays containing imaginary
    240 # numbers and complex types with non-native byteorder
    241 else:
--> 242     x = um.multiply(x, um.conjugate(x), out=x).real
    244 ret = umr_sum(x, axis, dtype, out, keepdims=keepdims, where=where)
    246 # Compute degrees of freedom and make sure it is not negative.

TypeError: loop of ufunc does not support argument 0 of type Explanation which has no callable conjugate method