2015-12-10 Grammar: quantifiers wrap-up

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: read focus 4 (p. 364-365) and do exercise 9 on p. 365
1 All
2 Almost all
3 Most
4 much of
5 A great deal of
6 Some of
7 any of
8 little of
9 no
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“a lot” and “a great deal” ALWAYS include “of” when there’s a noun, “a couple” can include “of” even with nonspecific nouns

If you use a possessive, “the”, or a demonstrative (this/that/these/those), it is a specific noun and you should use “of”.
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No people came to the party.
None of his friends came to the party.
(We use “none” with “of”, and “no” without “of”.)
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The students did very well. None failed the test. / Each passed the test.
The students did very well. No students failed the test. / Every student passed the test

“none” and “each” can be used without nouns
“no” and “every” cannot be used without nouns
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“Much” is uncommon in affirmative sentence (except with “too”), but we can use it with “of” and specific nouns.
*I have much money. -> I have a lot of money.
(OK) I still have much of the money you gave me.
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p. 367 exercise 11 - choose the correct quantifier for each sentence
1 few
2 came (“hardly any” is negative, and “hardly any didn’t” would be like a double negative)
3 quite a bit of (you should thank him because it was a lot of trouble)
4 Not all (plural -> no “every”, nonspecific -> no “of”)
5 much
6 a lot
7 Neither (there are two of them -> not “none”, they are sad -> not “both”)
8 a certain amount of
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He’s so shy and he has few friends he can talk to.
(“and” means these are similar, so being shy probably means he doesn’t have enough friends)

He’s so shy but he has a few friends he can talk to.
(“but” means these are different, and being shy contrasts with having some friends)

He went through a lot of trouble so you should remember to thank him.
He went through only a bit of trouble but you should (still) remember to thank him.

That was a large gift so you should write a thank-you letter.
That was a small gift but you should (still) write a thank-you letter.
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Homework: p. 188 exercise 2 (from the new handout today) (look at 184-186 to explain the different options)