Meag Coding Manual [SML]

(*Standard ML Language Guide and Reference
ML Rules:
    Everything is Immutable, nothing can be changed after the fact
    Type Matters, make sure types don't conflict
    Command Input is usually how things work
*)
(*Useful Commands:*)
it; (*Returns Previous*)
use "filename.sml"; (*File access*)
op operation (*Displays the purpose of a function*)

(*Variable Declaration, note: can be applied to a function*)
val name = value;

(*Variable Types:
int - integer
real - double
string- string
tuple - two things of the same type together (x,y)
`a - Alpha, everything*)

val tuple= (5,4)
#1 tuple; (*Returns the first value of the tuple, 5*)
val tuple2= ((5,4),(3,2));
#1 (#2 tuple2); (*Returns the First value of the Second tuple, 3*)

(*Functions:*)
val functionName = fn(input:type, input:type) => Code to be run;
val functionNameAlt = fn(input) => fn(input) => output;

fun functionName2 (input:type) (input:type) = x*y;

(*Using Functions*)
functionName (input,input); (*First Method*)
functionNameAlt input input; (*Second Method*)

(*Auxillary Commands that can come in handy*)
Ceil Floor 5.6; (*Returns 6 or 5*)
real 5 (*Returns 5.0*)
explode "String" (*Returns  [#"S",#"t",#"r",#"i",#"n",#"g"]*)
implode [#"S",#"t",#"r",#"i",#"n",#"g"] (*Returns "String"*)
o (*Chain commands together*)
(implode o explode) (*Explodes first, then implodes*)

(*If/Else and the like*)
if something then something else something (*No Brackets*)

 (*Switch System:*)
fun Check 0 = true  (*First Case: Function Name (the if code) = what happens then*)
|   Check 1 = false (*Function Name (Second case) = What happens*)
|   Check n = false; (*Function Name (n= Everything else/Default) = What happens*)
(*In Recursion, the first line can be the base case, while the second onwards are for recursive stuff*)

(*Lists: Tuples that only store stuff of the SAME Data Type, can ONLY access head (first element) and tail (the rest) *)

[element 1, element 2] (*Standard List*)
[[list1-a, list1-b], [list2-a, list2-b]] (*List inside a list*)
hd [1,2,3] (*Returns 1*)
tl [1,2,3] (*Returns [2,3]*)
8::[1,2,3] (*Returns [8,1,2,3]*)
null [1] (*checks if empty, returns t/f*)

(*Todo: Data Types and their Declarations
    Anything I might encounter while doing CW*)