2016-11-29 TOEFL: word roots, attitude/purpose

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-secrets-of-mozart-s-magic-flute-joshua-borths
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Word Roots 6
With your partner, try to think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root.
re = again
reg = rule (related to “reign” and the Latin “rex” = king)
retro = backward
rupt = break
scend = climb
scope = see/look (scope, skep, spec, and maybe sight are all from the same root originally)
scrib/script = write (often the verbs end with “scribe” and the nouns with “script” or “scription”)
sect = cut/divide
semi = half (the Greek root “hemi” means the same as the Latin root “semi”)
sol = alone (as in “solo” and “solitude” and “desolate”)
sol = sun (as in “solar”)
soph = wise/wisdom (“philosophy” = love of wisdom)
- spect = see/look (retrospect = hindsight, but with different word roots for the same meaning)
stat = unmoving (like “static” and “statue” and “thermostat”)
struct = build
sub = under
- super = over
tele = far
term = end/limit (words put limits around ideas, so we get “term” and “terminology”; the same idea gives us “define” and “definite” when talking about words and ideas)
terra/terri = earth/land
therm = heat
trans = across (transatlantic cables go under, transatlantic flights go over, but both go across)
uni = one
vac = empty
ver = true
viv/vit = life
vol = will (as a noun and main verb, not as a modal; “benevolent” = “good-willed”)
xeno = foreign (‘x’ at the beginning of a word is almost always pronounced /z/)
zoo = animal
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Many Greek roots with ‘h’ correspond to Latin roots with ‘s’:
hemi/semi, hyper/super, hex/sex, hept/sept
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Organization of the TOEFL Test:
Reading: 3-4 passages, 20 minutes each, 13-15 questions each
Listening: 2-3 sets (3 listenings each, about 30 minutes each)
	(One of reading/listening will be long, the other will be short.)
10-minute break
Speaking: 6 questions, 5.5 minutes of total speaking time, around 20 minutes to complete the section
Writing: 2 questions, 20 minutes and 30 minutes to write, plus some time to read and listen, so about an hour total for this section
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Listening sets each include one conversation and two academic lectures or discussions.
Listening Question Types:
- main idea / gist
- purpose (why is the conversation or talk happening?)
- detail
- inference
- attitude
- prediction (especially for conversations: “What will the student probably do next?”)
- function (Why does the person say this?)
- organization
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BREAK
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Listening Attitude Questions
- These are usually questions about a speaker’s opinion about something, not facts, but may ask whether something is an opinion or a fact.
- They also might ask how certain a speaker is about factual information.
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Handout (Cambridge) p. 291 - Listen and identify the attitudes of each speaker.
1 critical, defensive
2 excited, uninterested
3 enthusiastic, welcoming
4 upset, helpful
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(Longman Prep) p. 152 - Listen to the conversation and answer both questions.
1 B
2 C
Listen to the conversation and questions for passage 2 (no page on the handout)
Listen and answer the questions on p. 154
5 B
6 D
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Function questions: Questions about the reason someone says or mentions something.
Handout (Cengage) p. 312-313 - Listen and take notes, then answer the questions.
1 C
2 C (A photograph in a brochure shows a mall on the site.)
3 D (She calls them allies of her organization.)
4 A
p. 314-315 - Listen to the lecture and take notes, then answer the questions.
5 D
6 B
7 C
8 A
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DELTA p. 215-216: more overview of what attitude and purpose questions look like.
(Purpose questions ask generally why a conversation or lecture is happening.)
p. 217 - Listen to the parts of conversations and lectures, then answer the questions.
Check your answers with a partner
1 B
2 A
3 D
4 C
5 B
6 A
7 C
8 C
9 A
10 B