2015-02-11 Structure: reducing adjective clauses

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
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Homework: handout p. 171-172, exercise 7.20: fix the mistakes
1 the test that we had in our structure class
2 a friend whose father is the president
3 lumpia, which is an Indonesian-style egg roll
4 an old bridge which/that crosses the river
5 sechedule that I got yesterday, about which / which I'm going to complain about
6 after vacation, for which I am very grateful
7 most of which
8 fertilize regularly
9 that I'd never go back to. / to whom I'd never go back. (more formal)
10 station that I listen to a lot. / to which I listen a lot.
11 paintings, all of which are on... / paintings, which are all on...
12 She left her textbook, which she needs for class tomorrow, on the table in...
13 with two students, both of whom are from Turkey
   with two students, who are both from Turkey
14 crystal, which I love
15 Montpelier, which is the capital city of Vermont, has six months of winter.
16 I would never marry a man whose religion is different from mine.
17 The movie to which Loretta and Jack... / that Loretta and Jack went to.
18 The IPPNW was founded in 1980 by...
(IPPNW = International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War)
19 Their objective is to consolidate medical opinion against the danger of nuclear arms, which have bad effects on people whose mental and physical health are destroyed.
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She left her textbook on the table in the kitchen.
"in the kitchen" is identifying information about the noun "table"
	- "the table in the kitchen" is a single noun phrase, don't separate it
"on the table in the kitchen" is adverbial information about the verb "left"
	- it's not connected to "textbook", so it's okay to separate it

I saw the boy with the binoculars.
- Is "with the binoculars" about the boy, or about how I saw him?
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* John, who used to live next door to me. (not a complete sentence)
-> John used to live next door to me.
-> John, who used to live next door to me, was one of the founders of IPPNW.

* The man who used to live next door to me. (not a complete sentence)
-> The man used to live next door to me.
-> The man who used to live next door to me was one of the founders of IPPNW.
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sentence = subject + predicate
predicate = verb(s) (+ object) (+ prepositional phrase), etc.
predicate = what we say about the subject, what the subject does or is
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Reducing adjective clauses:
1 (can't reduce)
2 (can't reduce)
3 My husband adores lumpia, an Indonesian-style egg roll. (p. 169 rule 2)
4 There is an old bridge crossing the river in my town.
5 (can't reduce - adjective clause is about a noun that isn't its subject)
6 (can't reduce - "which" = the whole sentence, adj. clause subject = I)
7 In my house I have all kinds of paintings, most from the 20th century.
8 (can't reduce)
9 (can't reduce)
10 (can't reduce)
11 I love Georgia O'Keefe's paintings, all on exhibit in LA now.
12 (can't reduce)
13 I had an interesting talk with two students, both from Turkey.
14 (no reduction)
15 Montpelier, the capital city of Vermont, has six months of winter.
16 (can't reduce)
17 (can't reduce)
18 (can't reduce as written, becuase there shouldn't be an adjective clause at all)
The IPPNW, founded in 1980 by two Soviet and two US citizens, [predicate].
19 (can't reduce)