2017-10-16 Grammar: phrases and clauses

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Homework (optional): exercises 8, 9, 10 (write the same story in all three time frames)
---
phrase = a group of related words organized in a certain way
	noun phrase: the big red balloon
	verb phrase: have been working
	prepositional phrase = preposition + noun phrase: with the big red balloon
(My sister) (is sitting) (next to (the boy (with (the big red balloon)))).
- Prepositional phrases can give adjective information (about a noun) or adverb information (about a verb or sentence).
clause = a group of related words that include a subject and a verb
---
Independent clauses give a complete idea: “I will bring my umbrella.”
Dependent clauses don’t give a complete idea: “If it rains tomorrow”
	adjective clauses - give more information about a noun (like adjectives do)
	adverb clauses - give more information about a verb or sentence (like adverbs do)
---
Handout p. 32 - With your partner, think of questions that have each of these answers.
1 Who is responsible for the country?
2 Where did he go? (He went to the movies)
  Who went to the movies? (He went to the movies.)
  What did he do? (He went to the movies.)
  Where is he? (He went to the movies.)
3 Who is the teacher? / Are you a student?
4 When did you go to Colombia? / When was he born?
5 What time do you eat lunch? / When do you eat lunch?
6 Where is she from?
7 Why did you go to the nightclub?
8 When do we go shopping?
9 Why does he have to work on weekends?
10 Why do you study hard?
11 How can I speak English well?
12 Can you jump rope? / Who can jump rope?
13 Why did you come to the USA?
14 Why are you studying English?
15 Who helped you to find the street?
16 How long will he study?
17 Where will you send the money?
   Who will you give the money to? (The more likely answer to this is just “my brother”.)
18 What should you bring to the lesson?
19 How much is it? / What do you think about the your friend’s new car?
20 How long will you wake up at 6am?
21 Why did he come to the bookstore? / Why does he need money?
---
Women bear children.
Children are borne by women.
Children are born.
---
Homework: exercise 2 - put [ ] brackets around each clause in these sentences