2016-08-17 Grammar: keeping and changing time

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all my classes
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Homework: Do this with the sentences in paragraphs 3, 4, and 5
3 a simple future
  b simple future (in a noun clause after a simple present verb)
  c simple future
  d simple future
  e future perfect
4 a simple past
  b simple past
  c simple past
  d simple past, past progressive, past perfect
5 a simple present
  b present perfect
  c present perfect (passive)
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perfect = [have] + past participle
progressive = [be] + verb(ing)
(passive = [be] + past participle)
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Generally, we choose a time frame and then everything in several consecutive sentences has the same time frame. (A common writing mistake is switching between time frames when you shouldn’t.)
p. 5 exercise 4 - choose the time frame that should be used for each passage (past, present, or future)
1 future
  a will be / are
  b will be / is (Remember: we can use simple present grammar to talk about future plans)
  c will have completed
2 past
  a had
  b was walking
  c saw
  d had gone
3 present
4 past
5 present
6 future
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p. 7 - Sometimes it makes sense to change the time frame within a passage.
- General statements are often in the present, but specific actions are usually past or future.
- We also might move from telling a story about the past to talking about the present to making predictions about the future.
p. 8 - Put a line | or slash / between each change of time frame in paragraphs 2 and 3.
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p. 10 Activity 4 - translating headlines
Headlines often leave out auxiliary verbs (as well as articles and some pronouns), so you have to figure out the correct tense with less information.
BABY FOUND IN BUS STATION = A baby has been found in the bus station. (or “A baby was found…”)
	(past participles usually mean something is passive)
STOCK MARKET CRASHES = The stock market has crashed.
	(present form tells us the time frame is present, but we need to use present perfect)
U.S. POPULATION MOVING WEST = The U.S. population is moving west.
	(verb(ing) usually means present progressive)
NEW BUDGET TERMED “DISASTER” = The new budget was termed (called) a “disaster”.
U.S. TO PROTEST NUCLEAR TESTING = The U.S. is going to protest nuclear testing.
	(to + verb in a headline usually means future, as if “[be] going” is left out)
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Homework: try to “translate” the rest of the headlines into standard English