2016-03-22 Core: 12 expeditions

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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p. 141 - How do you think the birds help this man catch fish?
What are other animals that we use to help us because they are good at something?
dogs, falcons, monkeys, horses, elephants, camels, donkeys, cats
part 2 - What are the other animals in this list good at doing?
part 4 - Discuss the questions with your group. (With number 1, think of what skills people needed to do these ancient things, and why they do or don’t do those things today. Then talk about number 2.)
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Cormorant fishing (like in the picture) continues today because of tourism. Why?
Are there other traditions like this?
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p. 142 part 1 - How are these things or people useful on an expedition? What other things should you bring? Why?
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Pronunciation practice with easily confused sounds.
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part 3 - Read about the two women and answer the questions.
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BREAK
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p. 142 part 4 - Guess which listening (Emma or Beth) will include these words. Then listen and check.
Emma: eye-opener, trumpeting, flatten, steps
Beth: bones, eaten alive, bite, mammoth, remote, go crazy, deserted, mummies, net
part 6 - Listen again and answer the questions.
1 local guides and trackers
2 screaming and shouting
3 put their tents in the middle of an elephant path
4 it was flattened
5 mammoth bones, mummies, and tusks
6 deserted and remote
7 millions of mosquitoes
8 they used mosquito nets

desSERT - noun, food after the meal
DESert - noun, dry and sandy
desERT - verb = to leave a place
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p. 143 part 7 - Who probably said these things?
1 Emma
2 Beth (maybe Emma)
3 Beth
4 Emma
5 Beth
6 Emma
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Modals for Regret and Criticism: [modal] + have + past participle

We could have been killed. = We might have been killed.
(It was possible, but it didn’t happen.)

We couldn’t have avoided the insects.
(It wasn’t possible. Even if we had done something different, there would have been mosquitoes.)

We might not have woken up in time. And then the elephants would have killed us.
(Not waking up in time was possible, but fortunately we did wake up in time.)

We should have taken more repellent.
(It was a good idea, but we didn’t do it.)

We shouldn’t have put up our tents in that spot.
(It wasn’t a good idea, but we did it.)
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part 10 - Complete the paragraph with “should (not) have” and “could (not) have” + past participle.
1 shouldn’t have eaten
2 couldn’t have felt
3 should have had
4 should have taken
5 could have died
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I’m so glad she’s okay. She could have died.
(It was possible, but it didn’t happen.)

No one has heard from her in months. She could have died.
(Maybe she died, but I don’t know for sure.)
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Pronunciation: Reductions of modal+have
I should have studied more. -> I should’ve studied more. -> I shoulda studied more.
I shouldn’t have eaten so much. -> I shouldn’t’ve eaten so much. -> I shouldna eaten so much.

(Sometimes people write “should of” instead of “should’ve”, but this is not standard English.)

“Shoulda, coulda, woulda.” = Someone could have and maybe should have done something different, but now the past can’t be changed, so don’t worry about it.
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“I am going to” -> “Ammana”

goodbye <- God be with you
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Wordbuilding: prefix in- (same meaning as “un-”)
basic form: in - inappropriate, independent, inadequate
before p m b: im - impossible, immortal, imbalance
before r: ir - irresponsible, irrelevant
before l: il - illegal, illiterate, illegible

Note: in- can also mean “in” or “into”: inhale, impress, irradiate, illuminate
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part 12 - Tell your partner about a time you made a mistake with one of these things, and your partner will try to give you advice about what you should have done differently.
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Homework: p. 172 practice 1