2017-10-26 Grammar: causative verbs

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 299 exercise 4 - Choose the base form or -ing form of each verb.
1 ringing
2 ring
3 take (She’s sure because she watched the whole time.)
4 getting
5 riding
6 playing (She didn’t listen to the entire song.)
7 leave/leaving
8 burning
9 snap and fall / snapping and falling
10 sitting
11 crying
12 waiting
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Causative verbs can also be in the form: subject + verb + object + verb (like sensory verbs)
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Can you think of some verbs that mean you cause an action from another person?
The teacher _____ the students _____.
The teacher made the students think. The teacher made the students rewrite their essays.
	- “make” means the action is unavoidable, because you’re forced or because it’s natural
The teacher got the students to study.
	- “get” means convinced or persuaded; The students didn’t want to do this at first.
The teacher had the students work in groups.
	- “have” means something like “instructed”; The student’s didn’t have strong feelings.
The teacher let the students work in groups.
	- “let” means allow; The students already wanted to do this and I gave permission.
The teacher helped the students (to) work in groups.
	- “help” means assist; The students wanted to do this and I assisted them.
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p. 300 - The above words are more informal, but there are many other words that have similar meanings.
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p. 301 exercise 6 - Take turns with your partner to make sentences with each line and “should” or “shouldn’t”. Then give a reason for each of your opinions.
1 Parents shouldn’t make their children go to bed at 6:00, because that’s too early.
2 Teachers should help students learn things by themselves.
3 Police shouldn’t allow people to break laws.
4 People should have a dentist examine their teeth regularly.
5 Dog owners shouldn’t let their pets run around freely.
6 A government shouldn’t require all citizens to take drug tests.
7 A good manager shouldn’t allow employees to do whatever they like.
8 A good manager should motivate employees to do their best.
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This book has 300 pages. It is a 300-page book.
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Passive Causatives: The receiver of the causative verb is the person whose action is caused
Therefore, we can make these passive:
People shouldn’t be allowed to break laws.
Citizens shouldn’t be required to take drug tests.
Employess should be motivated to do their best.
(We don’t make passives with “let” or “have”, and when we make a passive with “help” or “make”, we need “to”.)
Children shouldn’t be made to go to bed at 6.
Students should be helped to learn things by themselves.