2018-05-11 TOEFL: speaking 4

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework for Nayeong: Complete the exit test
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https://ed.ted.com/lessons/when-will-the-next-ice-age-happen-lorraine-lisiecki
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Speaking Section: Third section, after the break following listening; about 20 minutes total, six tasks
1 independent, open-ended - 15 seconds to prepare / 45 seconds to speak
2 independent, choice question - 15/45
3 integrated reading/listening/speaking, campus announcement and conversation - 30/60
4 integrated R/L/S, academic text and lecture - 30/60
5 integrated L/S, conversation about a problem and solutions - 20/60
6 integrated L/S, academic lecture - 20/60
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Speaking Task 4
- 45-50 seconds to read about 100 words about an academic topic
- listen to a lecture about the same topic
- Hear and read a prompt telling you what points from the lecture to talk about
- 30 seconds to prepare
- 60 seconds to speak
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Cambridge Symbiosis example
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Reading:
Symbiosis = relationship between two organisms
Three types:
	- mutualism = both benefit (+ +)
	- parasitism = one is harmed (+ -)
	- commensalism = one isn’t affected (+ 0)
		obligate = necessary for one species to live with the other
		facultative = it could survive on its own
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Lecture:
Repeats the definitions of the three types of symbiosis
Sometimes the relationship isn’t clear
	- bee orchid and bee: flower looks like a female bee, male bee mates with the flower to pollinate it
		This helps the flower, we don’t know if it helps or harms the bee.
Sometimes the relationship changes
	- skin and bacteria: normally commensal (doesn’t help or harm us), but burn -> infection (paras.)
	- shrimp and crabs on coral: normally commensal (doesn’t affect coral), but if coral is attacked by sea stars, the shrimp and crabs protect it (which makes it mutual)
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Prompt asks about examples where the symbiotic relationship changes, so ignore the bee example.
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Response:
1 Introduction: Briefly summarize what the text says (short definition of symbiotic relationships, maybe list the types but don’t describe them in detail)
2 Lead-in: State what kinds of points the professor makes (“The professor talks about two symbiotic relationships that can change from one type to another.”)
3 First point: (“The first example is the bacteria that live on our skin, which can change from a commensal relationship to a parasitic one.”)
4 Detail/example: (“Normally,…. However, if the skin is burned, ….)
5 Second point: (“The other example is shrimp and crabs that live on coral, which can change from a commensal relationship to mutualism.”)
6 Detail/example: (“Usually,.... However, if sea stars attack the coral, ….)
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Take 4 minutes with your partner to prepare a “perfect” response to ETS 2 test 4
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BREAK
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If the lecture is about an experiment, your two points can be the method and the result.
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Record your responses to ETS 2 tests 1, 2, and 3.
Listen to your recordings and choose one we can hear as a class.
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Homework (optional): If you want more feedback on yesterday’s writing than a score and one or two sentences, email me with a self-evaluation. What did you do well? What will you try to improve for next time? If you’ve written for me before, what went better or worse this time than last time.