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- PAGE 61:
- 1: Legs Closed
- 2: The knees make round silhouettes.
- 3: Body on the other side
- 4: Differences With the M Shape
- 5: Legs Closed
- 6: M Shape
- 7: The upper body ends getting raised a bit, causing the line along the leg connections to be lowered.
- 8: Lowest part of the upper body.
- 9: Drawing Process
- 10: Outline of the entire body. Start with the idea of the pose.
- 11: Draw the upper body.
- 12: Roughly draw out the legs.
- 13: Finish the linework.
- PAGE 62:
- 1: Squatting, One Knee Up, Kneeling
- 2: (right of 1) Focus on the representation of the thighs, calves, and knees.
- 3: Squatting - 45° Angle
- 4: The curves of the thighs get pronounced.
- 5: The roundness of the kneecap. It gives the knees a rough feeling, so it’s often not drawn.
- 6: The bulge of the calf
- 7: Sketch
- 8: Lines used to help determine the height of the leg connections
- 9: Lines used to help determine the knee placements
- 10: Squatting - Side
- 11: Makes a round silhouette.
- 12: Make sure you accurately portray the length up to the knee.
- 13: Knee Position
- 14: The heel reaches to about under the butt.
- 15: A sketch. The knees ended up being a bit short, and the thighs ended up being too thick, so they need to be corrected.
- 16: An example of an error. The knee is mostly round when looking at it from the side.
- PAGE 63:
- 1: One Knee Up
- 2: The curved line that wraps around the upper thigh
- 3: Draw the bone lines that appear on both sides of the knee joint.
- 4: Sketch
- 5: The outline of the knee should feel like a rectangle with round corners.
- 6: Thigh outline
- 7: Center of the knee
- 8: The shin will appear round.
- 9: The thigh resting on the calf. The round line represents the bulge that is produced.
- 10: Region hidden by thigh.
- 11: Underwear
- 12: Kneeling
- 13: Curvature of the thigh
- 14: The thick region of the knee
- 15: Calf
- 16: Butt region
- 17: The hem of the underwear neatly wraps around the leg joints.
- PAGE 64:
- 1: Bone Structure and Leg Lines
- 2: (right of 1) Let’s take a good look at the representation of legs, mainly the knees, shins, and thighs.
- 3: (below 1) Knee Representation
- 4: Femur
- 5: Patella. Kneecap.
- 6: Tibia. Also known as shinbone.
- 7: (left of 6) Fibula
- 8: (right of 6) The simple type where the femur is represented with just a little crease.
- 9: The type where the side of the bone is drawn.
- 10: The type where the lower edge is drawn.
- 11: Knee Joint Diagram (below circle in lower left of page)
- 12: The patella is right about in the center.
- 13: The top of the tibia is mostly flat.
- 14: The fibula connects behind it.
- 15: The type where the upper and lower surrounding edges are drawn.
- 16: The type where both sides are clearly drawn in.
- 17: The type where the entire bone is encompassed into somewhat of a rectangle shape.
- PAGE 65:
- 1: Relaxed Pose With Both Knees Raised
- 2: Top of fibula
- 3: X-Ray Diagram of Bent Knee
- 4: The dips in the sides of the knee and shin are emphasized.
- 5: Character Skeleton X-Ray Diagram
- 6: Knees, Shins, and Ankles
- 7: Right Leg
- 8: Dips in here.
- 9: The center portion here juts out.
- 10: Fibia
- 11: Left Leg
- 12: Ankle
- 13: Drawing Process
- 14: Sketch the overall image, flesh out the body, then flesh out the legs.
- PAGE 66:
- 1: Relaxed Pose With One Knee Raised
- 2: Left Side
- 3: (below 2) The patella does not move.
- 4: (right of 3) Knee
- 5: (right of 4) Since the bones are covered with tendons and muscles, there is a gap between the bone outline and the skin.
- 6: Ankle
- 7: Although the femur had a curved shape, most drawings have the femur going straight down from the hip joint to the knee, with the leg shape being fleshed out later.
- 8: Character Skeleton X-Ray Diagram
- 9: Reference - Use these lines if you want to make the thighs thinner
- PAGE 67:
- 1: Right Side
- 2: Character Skeleton X-Ray Diagram
- 3: The connection between the thighs(femurs), knees(kneecaps), and shin areas.
- 4: Femur
- 5: The end of the femur makes up the general framework of the knee.
- 6: Kneecap
- 7: The bone stretching down from the knee makes a protrusion down at the ankle.
- PAGE 68:
- 1: Kneeling With Knees Spread Out
- 2: Character Skeleton X-Ray Diagram
- 3: Draw the knee outline while keeping the edges of the bone and kneecap in mind.
- 4: How the bones look when the knee is bended
- 5: Normal position
- 6: Bent position
- 7: Side view
- 8: Guidelines for leg shape(curved surface) and knee placement
- 9: Thigh region
- 10: Knee region
- 11: (right of 8) Leg connections
- 12: Ellipses meant for capturing dimensionality of thighs
- 13: Ellipses meant for capturing knee joint placement
- PAGE 69:
- 1: Kneeling
- 2: Character Skeleton X-Ray Diagram
- 3: From a 45° angle, the knee will have more of a rectangular silhouette.
- 4: Rounding out the corners
- 5: Side view of bones
- 6: Bend
- 7: The knee has a round silhouette from the side.
- PAGE 70:
- 1: Drawing Ankles and Feet
- 2: (right of 1) Draw while taking a good look at how the feet connect with the body and legs in various poses.
- 3: (below 2) Think of the feet as triangular building blocks.
- 4: (below 1) Defining Characteristics of Feet
- 5: (below 4) 1. The silhouette of the toes changes.
- 6: (below 5) Top of foot
- 7: Heel
- 8: Sole
- 9: Toes
- 10: When looking at the toes of someone in front of you
- 11: (below 3) A mountain shape with the index toe being the summit.
- 12: The toe joints will form a curved line.
- 13: Sole
- 14: Heel
- 15: When looking down at your own feet
- 16: Bottom of foot
- 17: 2. The ankle position while the foot is on the ground will change depending on which side the angle is from
- 18: High position
- 19: Arch of foot. It caves in.
- 20: Inner side of body
- 21: Outer side of body
- 22: Lies flat alongside the floor.
- 23: Low position
- 24: 3. The body’s height will change when standing on the tip of the toes
- 25: The character’s legs will appear longer.
- 26: Right leg, inner side
- 27: (below 26) One would actually literally stand on the tip of their toes when performing ballet, but most people would stand on their toes like this.
- 28: Region that makes contact with ground
- 29: Rises
- 30: From behind
- 31: (Right foot)
- 32: Clearly draw the little gap that shows up in the region that touches the ground.
- PAGE 71:
- 1: Drawing Feet and Ankles in Various Poses
- 2: (right of 1) Let’s look at the process of drawing a character’s feet.
- 3: (below 1) Standing Pose
- 4: Front
- 5: (below 2) Rough sketch. Roughly draw out the general idea of the ankle shape.
- 6: Draw the feet by combining shapes together, the connection part should feel like a hook.
- 7: Reference - Form Model
- 8: Roughly draw out the toes.
- 9: The heels are slightly raised. The feet are in a diagonal direction as well, so fine-tune the ankles while keeping in mind the feet aren’t completely straight up.
- 10: (bottom left of 9) The area from the ankle down is facing straight forward.
- 11: (left of 10) 2. Finish up the outline by filling in things like the hair and face.
- 12: (left of 11) 1. Rough sketch. Draw the general idea of the entire body’s pose.
- 13: 45° Angle
- 14: (right of 13) Draw the silhouette of the feet while trying to keep it in line with the overall image of the body.
- 15: Roughly draw in the toes.
- 16: Detail the toes and finish up by drawing the ankle lines.
- 17: (bottom left of page) The ankles tilt upwards towards the inner side, so remember not to make them line up perfectly when the feet are lined up together.
- PAGE 72:
- 1: Drawing Legs From Various Angles
- 2: Standing Pose (slightly upturned angle)
- 3: Walking (side angle)
- 4: (below 2) The character will look like it has more of a stable footing if the feet are drawn a bit bigger.
- 5: (right of 4) Standing Pose (downwards angle)
- 6: (bottom left of page) Try to make sure both feet are the same size.
- 7: (below 3) Walking (backside)
- 8: (left of 7) It’s important to make sure the heels jut out from behind the ankles.
- 9: (below 7) Achilles Tendon
- 10: (below 8) Put a shadow under the heel.
- 11: A line representing the underside of the foot.
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