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- %%-*- text -*-
- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- % This is a PROMISE Software Engineering Repository data set made publicly
- % improvable predictive models of software engineering.
- %
- % follow the acknowledgment guidelines posted on the PROMISE repository
- % web page http://promise.site.uottawa.ca/SERepository .
- %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
- % 1. Title/Topic: cocomo81/software cost estimation
- @relation cocomo81
- % 2. Sources:
- "% Year = 1981}"
- %
- % then converted by Tim Menzies from
- % http://www.vuse.vanderbilt.edu/~dfisher/tech-reports/raw-TSE-95
- % to arff fort.
- %
- % -- Donor: Tim Menzies [email protected]
- %
- % -- Date: December 2 2004
- % 3. Past Usage
- % 4. Relevant Information
- %
- % The COCOMO software cost model measures effort in calendar months
- % of 152 hours (and includes development and management hours).
- % COCOMO assumes that the effort grows more than linearly on
- % domain-specific parameters; "KSLOC" is estimated directly or
- % computed from a function point analysis; and "c" is the product
- % of over a dozen "effort multipliers". I.e.
- %
- % months=a*(KSLOC^b)*(EM1* EM2 * EM3 * ...)
- %
- % The effort multipliers are as follows:
- %
- % increase | acap | analysts capability
- % these to | pcap | programmers capability
- % decrease | aexp | application experience
- % effort | modp | modern programing practices
- % | tool | use of software tools
- % | vexp | virtual machine experience
- % | lexp | language experience
- % ----------+------+---------------------------
- % | sced | schedule constraint
- % ----------+------+---------------------------
- % decrease | stor | main memory constraint
- % these to | data | data base size
- % decrease | time | time constraint for cpu
- % effort | turn | turnaround time
- % | virt | machine volatility
- % | cplx | process complexity
- % | rely | required software reliability
- %
- % issues such as ``have we built this kind of system before?''. The
- % COCOMO~II effort multipliers are similar but COCOMO~II dropped one
- % of the effort multiplier parameters; renamed some others; and
- %
- % The effort multipliers fall into three groups: those that are
- % positively correlated to more effort; those that are
- % negatively correlated to more effort; and a third group
- % U-shaped correlation to effort; i.e. giving programmers either
- % too much or too little time to develop a system can be
- % detrimental.
- %
- % The standard numeric values of the effort multipliers are:
- %
- "% very very extra productivity"
- "% low low nominal high high high range"
- % ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- "% acap 1.46 1.19 1.00 0.86 0.71 2.06"
- "% pcap 1.42. 1.17 1.00 0.86 0.70 1.67"
- "% aexp 1.29 1.13 1.00 0.91 0.82 1.57"
- "% modp 1.24. 1.10 1.00 0.91 0.82 1.34"
- "% tool 1.24 1.10 1.00 0.91 0.83 1.49"
- "% vexp 1.21 1.10 1.00 0.90 1.34"
- "% lexp 1.14 1.07 1.00 0.95 1.20"
- "% sced 1.23 1.08 1.00 1.04 1.10 e"
- "% stor 1.00 1.06 1.21 1.56 -1.21"
- "% data 0.94 1.00 1.08 1.16 -1.23"
- "% time 1.00 1.11 1.30 1.66 -1.30"
- "% turn 0.87 1.00 1.07 1.15 -1.32"
- "% virt 0.87 1.00 1.15 1.30 -1.49"
- "% cplx 0.70 0.85 1.00 1.15 1.30 1.65 -1.86"
- "% rely 0.75 0.88 1.00 1.15 1.40 -1.87"
- %
- % These were learnt by Barry Boehm after a regression analysis of the
- % projects in the COCOMO I data set.
- "% Year = 1981}"
- %
- % The last column of the above table shows max(E)/min(EM) and shows
- % increasing "acap" (analyst experience) from very low to very
- % high will most decrease effort while increasing "rely"
- % (required reliability) from very low to very high will most
- % increase effort.
- %
- % There is much more to COCOMO that the above description. The
- % COCOMO~II text is over 500 pages long and offers
- % all the details needed to implement data capture and analysis of
- % COCOMO in an industrial context.
- % Author = "Barry Boehm and Ellis Horowitz and Ray Madachy and
- % Donald Reifer and Bradford K. Clark and Bert Steece
- % ibsn = "0130266922"}
- %
- % Included in that book is not just an effort model but other
- % (?all) of the validation work on COCOMO has focused on the effort
- % model.
- "% title = ""Bayesian Analysis of Empirical Software Engineering"
- "% year = ""1999""}"
- %
- % The value of an effort predictor can be reported many ways
- % including MMRE and PRED(N).MMRE and PRED are computed from the
- % difference between the actual and estimated value:
- %
- % RE.i = (estimate.i - actual.i) / (actual.i)
- %
- % averaged over the "T" items in the "Test" set; i.e.
- %
- % MRE.i = abs(RE.i)
- % MMRE.i = 100/T*( MRE.1 + MRE.2 + ... + MRE.T)
- %
- % PRED(N) reports the average percentage of estimates that were
- % within N% of the actual values:
- %
- % count = 0
- % for(i=1;i<=T;i++) do if MRE.i <= N/100 then count++ fi done
- % PRED(N) = 100/T * count
- %
- % within 30% of the actual. Shepperd and Schofield comment that
- % "MMRE is fairly conservative with a bias against overestimates
- % while Pred(25) will identify those prediction systems that are
- % generally accurate but occasionally wildly inaccurate".
- % note="Available from
- % \url{http://www.utdallas.edu/~rbanker/SE_XII.pdf}"}
- % 5. Number of instances: 63
- % one for LOC and one for actual development effort.
- % 7. Attribute information:
- @attribute rely numeric
- @attribute data numeric
- @attribute cplx numeric
- @attribute time numeric
- @attribute stor numeric
- @attribute virt numeric
- @attribute turn numeric
- @attribute acap numeric
- @attribute aexp numeric
- @attribute pcap numeric
- @attribute vexp numeric
- @attribute lexp numeric
- @attribute modp numeric
- @attribute tool numeric
- @attribute sced numeric
- @attribute loc numeric
- @attribute actual numeric
- % 8. Missing attributes: none
- % 9: Class distribution: the class value (actual) is continuous.
- % distribution was found:
- % Instances Range
- % --------- ----------------
- "% 1 .. 10 5.9 .. 15"
- "% 11 .. 20 18 .. 47"
- "% 21 .. 30 50 .. 87"
- "% 31 .. 40 88 .. 218"
- "% 41 .. 50 230 .. 539"
- "% 51 .. 60 605 .. 2455"
- "% 61 .. 63 6400 .. 11400"
- @data
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