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Mar 31st, 2023
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  1. Sure, I can help you solve this math problem step by step.
  2.  
  3. Let's begin by defining the given inequality and rearranging it to isolate one of the variables.
  4.  
  5. xf(y) + yf(x) <= 2
  6.  
  7. xf(y) <= 2 - yf(x)
  8.  
  9. f(y) <= (2/x) - (y/x)f(x)
  10.  
  11. Now, we have an expression for f(y) in terms of f(x).
  12.  
  13. Let's consider a fixed value of x and define a new function g(x) = 2/x. This function is continuous and decreasing for x > 0. Therefore, for any fixed value of x, there exists a unique value of y such that f(y) = g(x) - (y/x)f(x).
  14.  
  15. Let's plug this expression for f(y) back into the original inequality:
  16.  
  17. xf(y) + yf(x) <= 2
  18.  
  19. x(g(x) - (y/x)f(x)) + yf(x) <= 2
  20.  
  21. g(x) <= (y/x)f(x) + (2-yf(x))/x
  22.  
  23. Since g(x) is fixed for a given value of x, there exists a unique value of y that satisfies this inequality. Therefore, we can say that f(x) is a monotonically decreasing function.
  24.  
  25. Now, let's consider the case when x = y. In this case, the inequality becomes:
  26.  
  27. xf(x) + xf(x) <= 2
  28.  
  29. 2xf(x) <= 2
  30.  
  31. f(x) <= 1
  32.  
  33. Since f(x) is monotonically decreasing, this implies that f(x) <= 1 for all x > 0.
  34.  
  35. Let's now consider the case when f(x) = 1 for some x. In this case, the inequality becomes:
  36.  
  37. xf(y) + y <= 2
  38.  
  39. y <= 2 - xf(y)
  40.  
  41. y/x <= 2/x - f(y)
  42.  
  43. Since y/x and 2/x are fixed, there exists a unique value of f(y) that satisfies this inequality. This implies that f(x) cannot be equal to 1 for any x > 0.
  44.  
  45. Therefore, the only function that satisfies the given conditions is f(x) = 1/x.
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