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- Greg Malivuk
- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all my classes
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- (Cambridge TOEFL guide diagnostic test.)
- Read the announcement and take notes (45s)
- Now listen to two students discussing the announcement and take notes.
- Prepare and give your response (30s + 60s)
- Remember that the introduction to your response to this question (3) should be a short summary of the announcement the students are discussing.
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- Read the text about symbiotic relationships and take notes (Cambridge TOEFL guide p. 472)
- Topic - symbiosis: an “intimate” relationship between two organisms
- mutualism: both species get benefits (+/+)
- parasitism: one benefits and the other is harmed (+/-)
- commensalism: one benefits and the other doesn’t get benefit or harm (+/0)
- two types - obligate and facultative
- obligate = the species that benefits can’t survive without the other species
- facultative = the species can survive by itself
- Now listen to part of a lecture and take notes (CD 7 track 11)
- (He starts by summarizing the categorization in the reading of mutualism, parasitism, and commensalism. - Useful if you didn’t know how to pronounce the words.)
- orchid and bee - not sure what type of relationship it is, because we don’t know if the bee is helped or hurt
- bacteria on our skin - normally commensalism, but it can become parasitism if there’s a burn or other injury to the skin (which can then get infected)
- shrimp and crabs - normally commensalism, but it can become mutualism if the shrimp and crabs defend the coral from other species
- “The professor gives two examples of symbiotic relationships that change. Explain both examples in terms of what the original symbiotic relationship was and what symbiotic relationship it became.”
- - This question is only about bacteria on skin and shrimp and crabs on coral.
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