2016-02-03 Core: 5 types of vacation

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Remember: no school on Monday, February 15.
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Homework: Write two truths and a lie in the present perfect about experiences you have had. (Try to make sentences that other students will be interested to learn about you.)
Also: p. 162 practice 1
1 I haven’t seen
2 Have you been
3 I’ve just gotten back / I just got back
4 were you (He’s back now, so his time in South America is finished. -> simple past)
5 I spent (during the finished trip)
6 did you get to (during the trip)
7 I went (during the trip)
8 I’ve heard
9 I didn’t have (during the trip)
10 It was too far (during the trip)
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Two truths and a lie.

*I have played piano when I was younger.
-> I played piano when I was younger. / I have played piano (before).
(“when I was younger” is finished)
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p. 60 part 1 - where do you think these pictures were taken?
A - China, US (Chicago or Las Vegas) Hong Kong
B - England, Ireland, (UK somewhere) (cliffs of Moher)
C - India (correct)
D - Thailand, Peru, South America (somewhere else) Bali, in Indonesia

What places (in the pictures or your country) do these words describe?

exotic = interesting and unusual
remote = far from other people and cities
unspoiled = not “ruined” by people (the last picture on p. 63 is NOT an unspoiled coastline)
vibrant = active, with a lot of energy and activity
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part 3 - Read the article and complete the “Travel destinations and activities” table with the correct information
1 cruises
2 safaris
3 bush camps
4 cultural tours
bush (noncount noun) = wilderness (“bush” is a common British English expression)

Have you done any of these types of vacations?
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p. 61 part 5
But recently, vacationers have been looking for a different vacation experience.

Present Perfect Continuous - form
	present perfect = have/has + past participle
	continuous = [be] + verb(ing)
	present perfect continuous = have/has + been + verb(ing)
Tourists have been flocking to places like Kenya.
Interest in China has been growing too.
Travel companies have been promoting the traditional vacation package.
The older generation of vacationers has been traveling like never before.
The number of vacationers over 60 has been growing.

“vacationers over 60” = vacationers who are older than 60 years old
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Present Perfect Continuous - meaning

The number of vacationers has grown. = Maybe the growth is stopped for now (but it might grow more in the future).
The number of vacationers is growing. = It’s growing now but maybe didn’t start far in the past.
The number of vacationers has been growing. = It started growing in the past and continues to grow now.

Present Perfect Continuous / Present Continuous:
I’m thinking about it. - This is what I’m doing now, but maybe I just started thinking about it.
I’ve been thinking about it. - This emphasizes that I started thinking about it a while ago.

*I’m thinking about it for a couple of weeks. (We almost never use quantities of time in present continuous.)
-> I’ve been thinking about it for a couple of weeks.

I’m studying English for six months. = My total time or the time I have left in the future is 6 months.
I’ve been studying English for six months. = I started studying 6 months ago.

Present Perfect Continuous / Present Perfect:
I have written a book. = I’m finished with the book. (I might write another one in the future, but this one is already done.)
I have been writing a book. = I started in the past but I haven’t finished yet.
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I’ve been teaching for 90 minutes. - continuously, with no breaks for 90 minutes
I’ve been teaching for 9 years. - this has been my regular job for 9 years
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BREAK
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Sometimes the choice depends on the object or the time expression:
I’ve been writing a book. I’ve written about half of it.
(The book isn’t finished, but half of it is finished.)
I’ve been shopping all day. I’ve shopped at many different stores.
	(Shopping today isn’t finished, but shopping at those different stores is finished.)
I’ve been teaching here for three years. I’ve taught this unit three times.
	(Teaching here isn’t finished, but teaching this unit three times is finished.)

A quantity of things or times usually goes with present perfect.
A quantity of time (“how long”) often goes with present perfect continuous.

I have written three books. = Each book is finished.
I have been writing three books. = I’m still in the middle of all three books.
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p. 61 part 8 - match the activities (1-6) with the results (a-f), then put them together in sentences.
1 e - We’ve been tracking elephants today. We’ve taken some amazing photos.
2 a - We’ve been lying by the pool. I’ve finished my book.
3 b - I’ve been looking for a cheap deal, but I haven’t found one.
4 c - We’ve been touring European cities and we’ve seen dozens of churches.
5 f - We’ve been following the coastal path. We’ve walked ten miles.
6 d - We’ve been visiting local markets. We’ve spent a fortune.
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part 9 - listen to Matt’s three conversations and choose the correct name
1 Matt
2 Matt
3 Li
4 Rosa
5 Rosa
6 Matt
7 Ping
8 Ping
part 10 - listen again and complete the questions
1 have you been coming
2 have you been
3 have you been
4 did that take
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We can ask “how long” with simple past, present perfect, and present perfect continuous.
A complete sentence answer probably uses “for”:
1 I have been coming here for about six years.
2 We have been here for one day.
3 I have been sky-diving for quite a few years now. (“quite a few” = many)
4 (We can’t use “take” with “for”. The direct object of “take” is the quantity of time.)
  (I lived in Mexico for one year. I studied sky-diving for a while.)

“a while” is a somewhat long time (how much is “long” depends on the situation)
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a couple (noun) = two people who are together in a relationship
a couple (quantifier) = around two, but not exactly or it’s not important that it’s 2
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part 12 - Write “how long” questions to respond to each statement, then have short conversations about these situations with your partner.
1 How long did you stay? / How long were you there?
2 How long have you been waiting?
3 How long have you been backpacking? / How long have you been in India?
4 How long have you been doing it?
5 How long did that take you? (like part 10 number 4) / How long did you spend driving?

You spend time doing an action: I spent 4 hours driving.
The action takes time: The drive took 4 hours. (For example it took 4 hours away from my life.)
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p. 61 part 13 - What makes a good vacation? (Think of one or two more things for each part of a vacation.)
getting there: journey time, type of transportation, service, comfort, scenery
at your destination: things to do, nightlife, beaches, weather, food, friends, accommodations (hotel, hostel, etc.), shopping, museums, music, places to visit, safety and security, getting around easily, prices, scenery
afterwards: good memories, souvenirs, photos and videos, experience, knowledge, new friends
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Homework: read p. 63 and do p. 62 parts 3, 4, 5, 6