Shape Calculator

###################################################
##  Name: Oliver Chapman                         ##
##  Date of Creation: 10/12/2016                 ##
##  Description: A program that can calaculate   ##
##               various measurements depending  ##
##               on the shape selected.          ##
##  Versiom: 0.1                                 ##
###################################################

## Import modules, but give them a different identifier
import math as m
import os as o
import sys as s
import time as t

def __init__(): ## Defines the main function of the program

    result = 0.0 ## Sets the result value to 0.0

    o.system('cls') ## Clears the screen

    ## Prints the options on the screen
    print("----====> Shape Calculator <====----")
    print("\nPlease select an option.")
    print("\n\n1) Area of a Circle\n\n2) Circumference of a Circle\n\n3) Area of a Rectangle\n\n4) Area of a Triangle\n\n5) Volume of a Cuboid\n\n6) Help\n\n0) Quit\n\n")

    try:
        option = int(input("Option: ")) ## Attempts to get an input from the user and store it in 'option'
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!") ## If the users input is invalid, display an error message
        t.sleep(3) ## Pauses the program for 'x' amount of seconds (x = seconds)
        __init__() ## Calls the __init__ function

    ## Checks to see what the user entered and handles it accordingly
    if option == 1:
        __cirArea(result) ## Call the __cirArea function with the result value passed (Call-by-reference)
    elif option == 2:
        __cirCircum(result)
    elif option == 3:
        __recArea(result)
    elif option == 4:
        __triArea(result)
    elif option == 5:
        __cubVol(result)
    elif option == 6:
        __help()
    elif option == 0:
        __quit()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 0 & 6. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __init__()

def __cirArea(result):

    radius = 0.0 ## Sets the radius to 0.
    pi = m.pi ## Sets pi to the object pi from the math module

    o.system('cls')

    print("----====> Area of a Circle <====----")


    try:
        radius = float(input("\n\nRadius: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cirArea(result)

    if radius >= 1 and radius <= 100: ## If the user inputted a number between 1 & 100
        result = radius * pi ## Calculate the result
        print("\n\nAnswer: ",result)
        wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ") ## Wait for the user to continue
        __init__() ## Go back to the menu
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 1 & 100. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cirArea(result)

def __cirCircum(result):

    radius = 0.0
    pi = m.pi

    o.system('cls')

    print("----====> Circumference of a Circle <====----")

    try:
        radius = float(input("\n\nRadius: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cirCircum(result)

    if radius >= 1 and radius <= 100:
        result = pi * (radius * 2)
        print("\n\nAnswer: ",result)
        wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
        __init__()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 1 & 100. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cirCircum(result)

def __recArea(result):

    length = 0.0 ## Sets the length to 0
    width = 0.0 ## Sets the width to 0
    pi = m.pi

    o.system('cls')

    print("----====> Area of a Rectangle <====----")

    try:
        length = float(input("\n\nLength: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __recArea(result)

    try:
        width = float(input("\n\nWidth: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __recArea(result)

    if length >= 1 and length <= 100 and width >= 1 and width <= 100:
        result = length * width
        print("\n\nAnswer: ",result)
        wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
        __init__()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 1 & 100. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __recArea(result)

def __triArea(result):

    base = 0.0  ## Sets the base to 0
    height = 0.0  ## Sets the height to 0

    o.system('cls')

    print("----====> Area of a Triangle <====----")

    try:
        base = float(input("\n\nBase: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __triArea(result)

    try:
        height = float(input("\n\nWidth: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __triArea(result)

    if base >= 1 and base <= 100 and height >= 1 and height <= 100:
        result = 0.5 * (base * height)
        print("\n\nAnswer: ", result)
        wait = input("Press enter to continue... ")
        __init__()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 1 & 100. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __triArea(result)

def __cubVol(result):

    length = 0.0  ## Sets the length to 0
    width = 0.0  ## Sets the width to 0
    height = 0.0  ## Sets the height to 0

    o.system('cls')

    print("----====> Volume of a Cuboid <====----")

    try:
        length = float(input("\n\nLength: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cubVol(result)

    try:
        width = float(input("\n\nWidth: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cubVol(result)

    try:
        height = float(input("\n\nHeight: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cubVol(result)

    if length >= 1 and length <= 100 and width >= 1 and width <= 100 and height >= 1 and height <= 100:
        result = 0.5 * (base * height)
        print("\n\nAnswer: ", result)
        wait = input("Press enter to continue... ")
        __init__()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 1 & 100. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __cubVol(result)

def __quit():

    secs = 5
    uQuit = 'n'

    o.system('cls')

    print("----====> Quit <====----")

    try:
        uQuit = input("\n\nAre you sure you want to quit [Y/N]: ")
        uQuit = uQuit.upper() ## Sets the user input to uppercase
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __quit()

    if uQuit == "Y":
        for counter in range(secs): ## Run until the counter is equivalent to secs variable
            o.system('cls')

            print("Closing in", secs,"...")
            secs = secs -1
            t.sleep(1)

            if secs == 0: ## If secs is 0, close the program
                print("\n\nGoodbye!")
                t.sleep(3)
                s.exit()
    elif uQuit == "N":
        __init__()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter either Y or N. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __quit()

def __help():

    help  = 0

    o.system('cls')

    print("      ----====> Help <====----")

    print("\nThis is the help menu. Here you can select\na calculation that you want help with.")
    print("\n\n1) Area of a Circle\n\n2) Circumference of a Circle\n\n3) Area of a Rectangle\n\n4) Area of a Triangle\n\n5) Volume of a Cuboid\n\n6) Main Menu")

    try:
        help = int(input("\n\nOption: "))
    except ValueError:
        print("\n\n!! Invalid Input Detected !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __help()

    if help == 1:
        __cirArHelp()
    elif help == 2:
        __cirCiHelp()
    elif help == 3:
        __recArHelp()
    elif help == 4:
        __triArHelp()
    elif help == 5:
        __cubVoHelp()
    elif help == 6:
        __init__()
    else:
        print("\n\n!! Please enter a number between 1 & 6. !!")
        t.sleep(3)
        __help()

def __cirArHelp():
    o.system('cls')

    print("      ----====> Area of a Circle <====-----")
    print("\nEnter the radius. The program will then square it\nand multiply it by pi.\nThe answer will be displayed in centimeters squared.")

    wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
    __help()

def __cirCiHelp():
    o.system('cls')

    print("      ----====> Circumference of a Circle <====-----")
    print("\nEnter the radius. The program will then double it\n& multiply it by pi.\nThe answerwill be displayed in centimeters squared.")

    wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
    __help()

def __recArHelp():
    o.system('cls')

    print("      ----====> Area of a Rectangle <====-----")
    print("\nEnter the length & width. The program will then multiply\nthe length & width together.\nThe answer will be displayed in centimeters squared.")

    wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
    __help()

def __triArHelp():
    o.system('cls')

    print("      ----====> Area of a Triangle <====-----")
    print("\nEnter the base & height. The program will then \nmultiply the base & height and halve it.\nThe answer will be displayed in centimeters squared.")

    wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
    __help()

def __cubVoHelp():
    o.system('cls')

    print("      ----====> Volume of a Cuboid <====-----")
    print("\nEnter the base, width & height.\nThe program will then square it\n& multiply all three numbers together.\nThe answer will be displayed in centimeters cubed.")

    wait = input("\n\nPress enter to continue... ")
    __help()

__init__()