#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>


using namespace std;

class String {

public:

    String() : size(0), capacity(15), str(new char[15]) {
        total_number_strings++;
    }

    explicit String(const int string_capacity) : size(0), capacity(string_capacity), str(new char[string_capacity]) {
        total_number_strings++;
    }

    explicit String(const char new_str[]) {
        capacity = strlen(new_str) + 1;
        str = new char[capacity];
        strcpy(str, new_str);
        size = capacity - 1;
        total_number_strings++;
    }

    String(const String& other) : size(other.size), capacity(other.capacity), str(new char[capacity]) {
        strcpy(str, other.str);
        total_number_strings++;
    }

    String& operator=(const String& other) {
        if (this != &other) {
            size = other.size;
            capacity = other.capacity;
            delete[] str;
            str = new char[capacity];
            strcpy(str, other.str);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    String& operator=(const char new_str[]) {
        capacity = strlen(new_str) + 1;
        delete[] str;
        str = new char[capacity];
        strcpy(str, new_str);
        size = capacity - 1;
        return *this;
    }

    char& operator[] (const int index) {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            cout << "Invalid index" << endl;
            abort;
        }
        return str[index];
    }

    char& operator[] (const int index) const {
        if (index < 0 || index >= size) {
            cout << "Invalid index" << endl;
            abort;
        }
        return str[index];
    }

    bool operator==(const String& right) const {
        if (size != right.size) {
            return false;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (str[i] != right.str[i]) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    bool operator!=(const String& right) const {
        if (size != right.size) {
            return true;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            if (str[i] != right.str[i]) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    int Size() const {
        return size;
    }

    int Capacity() const {
        return capacity;
    }

    static int GetTotalNumberStrings() {
        return total_number_strings;
    }

    ~String() {
        delete[] str;
        total_number_strings--;
    }

private:
    int size;
    int capacity;
    char* str;
    static int total_number_strings;
};

ostream& operator<<(ostream& output, const String& string) {
    for (int i = 0; i < string.Size(); i++) {
        output << string[i];
    }
    return output;
}

istream& operator>>(istream& input, String& string) {
    int capacity = 15;
    int i = 0;
    char* str = new char[capacity];
    char ch;
    while (true) {
        ch = input.get();
        if (ch == ' ' || ch == '\n') {
            break;
        }
        if (i == capacity - 1) {
            char* temp = new char[capacity *= 2];
            for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                temp[j] = str[j];
            }
            delete[] str;
            str = temp;
        }
        str[i] = ch;
        i++;
    }
    if (i > 0) {
        str[i] = '\0';
        string = str;
    }
    return input;
}

int String::total_number_strings = 0;


int main() {
    String my_string;
    cout << "Size: " << my_string.Size() << " Capacity: " << my_string.Capacity() << endl;
    my_string = "Hello";
    cout << my_string << endl;
    cout << "Size: " << my_string.Size() << " Capacity: " << my_string.Capacity() << endl;
    my_string = "Hello my dear friend";
    cout << my_string << endl;
    cout << "Size: " << my_string.Size() << " Capacity: " << my_string.Capacity() << endl;

    my_string[2] = 'm';

    cout << my_string << endl;
    cout << my_string[1] << endl;
    String my_string2("1234");
    cout << my_string2 << endl;
    cout << "Size: " << my_string2.Size() << " Capacity: " << my_string2.Capacity() << endl;
    String my_string3(my_string);
    cout << my_string3 << endl;
    cout << String::GetTotalNumberStrings() << endl;

    const String my_string4 = my_string2;

    cout << my_string4[1] << endl;

    cout << my_string4 << endl;

    cout << boolalpha;

    cout << (my_string == my_string4) << endl;
    cout << (my_string != my_string4) << endl;

    String my_string5;

    cin >> my_string5;

    cout << my_string5;
}