tcpmux          1/tcp                           # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux          1/udp                           # TCP port service multiplexer
rje             5/tcp                           # Remote Job Entry
rje             5/udp                           # Remote Job Entry
echo            7/tcp
echo            7/udp
discard         9/tcp           sink null
discard         9/udp           sink null
systat          11/tcp          users
systat          11/udp          users
daytime         13/tcp
daytime         13/udp
qotd            17/tcp          quote
qotd            17/udp          quote
msp             18/tcp                          # Message send protocol (historic)
msp             18/udp                          # Message send protocol (historic)
chargen         19/tcp          ttytst source
chargen         19/udp          ttytst source

# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
#       http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name  port/protocol  [aliases ...]   [# comment]

# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
#       http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name  port/protocol  [aliases ...]   [# comment]
tcpmux          1/tcp                           # TCP port service multiplexer
tcpmux          1/udp                           # TCP port service multiplexer
rje             5/tcp                           # Remote Job Entry
rje             5/udp                           # Remote Job Entry
echo            7/tcp
echo            7/udp
discard         9/tcp           sink null
discard         9/udp           sink null
systat          11/tcp          users
systat          11/udp          users
daytime         13/tcp
daytime         13/udp
qotd            17/tcp          quote
qotd            17/udp          quote
msp             18/tcp                          # Message send protocol (historic)
msp             18/udp                          # Message send protocol (historic)
chargen         19/tcp          ttytst source
chargen         19/udp          ttytst source

cat prefix data > data.new && mv data.new data

sed -i.bak -e '1i first prefix line' -e '1i second prefix line'  data

printf '0r headerfilenxn' | ex file-with-contents

printf '%sn' '0r headerfile' x | ex file-with-contents

dd if=services bs=1 count="$(wc -c < header)" 2>/dev/null |
  cmp -s - header ||
    printf '%sn' '0r header' x |
      ex services

cmp -sn "$(wc -c <header)" ||
  printf '%sn' '0r header' x | ex services

sed -i '1i
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
#       http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name  port/protocol  [aliases ...]   [# comment]' file

sed '1s/.*/n&/g' examplefile| sed '1r file2.txt'  | sed '1d'

$ cat - file.txt | sponge file.txt
# The latest IANA port assignments can be gotten from
#       http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
# The Well Known Ports are those from 0 through 1023.
# The Registered Ports are those from 1024 through 49151
# The Dynamic and/or Private Ports are those from 49152 through 65535
#
# Each line describes one service, and is of the form:
#
# service-name  port/protocol  [aliases ...]   [# comment]

cat header.txt file.txt | sponge file.txt

cat header file.txt >file.tmp ; mv file.tmp file.txt