2018-09-06 Pronunciation: can that had, buffalo

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework (optional): Punctuate and pronounce this so it makes sense:
	I know that that that had had had had in front of it before.
	(Extra: James while John had had had had had had had had had had had the teacher’s approval.)
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“Can” before another verb needs to be reduced. At the end of a clause or sentence, you can pronounce it fully and it’s fine.
Can you speak French? (“can” is reduced)
Yes, I can. (“can” is not reduced)
I can also speak Spanish. (“can” is reduced)
(Reduced “can” is also unstressed, so the rhythm of the sentence changes.)
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p. 68 exercise 12 - Repeat the sentences in the first column. Then choose one to say to your partner, and your partner will respond with the correct sentence from the second column.
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Response to “I can hear you”: That’s good, but I can’t hear you.
- The response stresses “I” and “you” to show contrast with what the other person said.
	This means “can’t” isn’t stressed, but it still has the full vowel pronunciation.
- If the response was “I can hear you,” “can” would be reduced.
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I ordered two cheeseburgers. (You gave them to someone else.)
I ordered two cheeseburgers. (You gave me one.)
I ordered two cheeseburgers. (You gave me hamburgers.)
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“that” and “had”
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That book isn’t yours. (“that” as a determiner has stress)
I know that. (“that” as a demonstrative pronoun has stress)
I know that he’s late. (“that” as a conjunction is unstressed)
I liked the book that you gave me. (“that” as a relative pronoun is unstressed)
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I know that that book is mine.
- first “that”: conjunction -> unstressed
- second “that”: demonstrative -> stressed
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“have” for possession and ownership is a main verb (content word, stressed)
“have” for perfect tenses is an auxiliary verb (structure word, unstressed)
I have had problems with this before. (no problem in present perfect)
I had had problems with that before. (past perfect is more difficult.)
- first “had”: auxiliary -> unstressed
- second “had”: main -> stressed
“Hed had had her head hit hard.”
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I know that that “that” had had “had had” in front of it before.

first draft: “He had had that problem many times.”
edited version: “He had that problem many times.”
Before you edited it, that “that” had had “had had” in front of it.
That that “that” had had “had had” in front of it in my first draft was intentional.
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James, while John had had “had”, had had “had had”. “Had had” had had the teacher’s approval.
- James, while John had used simple past, had used past perfect. Past perfect had been the correct choice.
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“that” and “had” are the most common examples, but there are other words that also function like this sometimes:
Will Will be here? (The modal is unstressed and reduced, the name is stressed.)
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Sometimes you can’t reduce any of the words and have to listen to intonation instead:
Do Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo?