2016-05-21 Saturday: 5 Travel

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
“2016-05-21 Saturday: 5 Travel”
This is the same level and book as the “Core” class.
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Complete the “find someone who” worksheet by asking yes/no questions to your classmates, and then asking follow-up questions if they answered “yes”.

Fort Independence is nicknamed “The Castle” and is on Castle Island in Boston, but it is not really a castle.
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What tense were the questions you asked?
present perfect - because they’re about experiences sometime in your life, but not a specific (finished) time
	“Have you ridden a camel (in your life)?” - Your life isn’t finished, you could ride a camel in the future, so we use present perfect.

What tense were your follow-up questions?
simple past - because you know it’s something that happened at a specific time and is finished
	“When did you ride a camel?” - I know you’re not still riding the camel -> simple past
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Grammar: present perfect vs. simple past

Did you walk the dog this morning? - The time for walking the dog is finished.
Have you walked the dog this morning? - The time for walking the dog isn’t finished. I’m reminding you that you still need to do it if you haven’t yet.

I had one cup of coffee today. - I had one cup, and I’m finished with coffee for the day.
I have had one cup of coffee today. - I had one cup earlier, but I might have more coffee today.
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p. 59 part 7 - With a partner, complete the paragraph with the correct forms of the verbs (simple past or present perfect).
1 have also flown
2 has done (still about during his whole career)
3 once spent (specific, finished time)
4 didn’t have (“that journey” = the 11-month journey in 3)
5 filled (same journey)
6 has used (“over the years” = during his career)

Since I came to Boston, I have taught at 4 different schools.
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In many phrasal verbs, “up” means something like “completely”, not the opposite of “down”.
clean up, fill up, use up, etc.
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“for” in time expressions
for + length of time (for how long)
It can be used with any tense.

I studied in Boston for one year. = It happened and is finished. I’m not currently studying in Boston.
I have studied in Boston for one year. = I’m still studying and I started one year ago.
I am studying in Boston for one year. = I’m studying now, and the total when I finish will be 1 year.
I will study in Boston for one year. = The whole year will happen in the future.
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“since” in time expressions
since + specific time (since when)
It can be used with perfect tenses.

I have studied in Boston since 2014.
I have been studying in Boston since 2014.
I had studied in Boston since 2014.
I had been studying in Boston since 2014.
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p. 59 part 10 - Complete these sentences so they’re true for you, and then compare with your partner.
4 I have already done that this month.
7 I slept at lunchtime. = A specific lunchtime (e.g. yesterday).
  I have slept at lunchtime. = Sleeping at lunchtime is an experience that I have had in my life.

8 After I left school, I traveled for six months. (= after I graduated)
  After I left school, I ate lunch. (= after I left for the day)

After I left school, I traveled to five different countries.
Since I left school, I have traveled to five different countries.
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p. 60 - Where do you think these pictures are from?
Ireland and Iceland are islands.
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BREAK
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A - Hong Kong
B - Ireland (Cliffs of Moher)
C - India
D - Indonesia (rice terraces in Bali)
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p. 60 part 1 - Where can you find these things? (from the pictures above, or from another place you know)
“exotic” = different or unusual, from far away, especially from an English perspective (so it’s strange in English to call Ireland exotic)
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The Cliffs of Moher are an unspoiled coastline. The third picture on p. 63 is spoiled by all the buildings.
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part 3 - Read the article about different types of vacation. Have you been on these types of activities?
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Grammar: present perfect continuous

Large numbers of tourists have visited China since the 2008 Olympics.
	= The tourists visited in the past, and more tourists may visit in the future. Each visit is finished.
Interest in China has been growing.
	= It started in the past and continues growing now.
(Interest has grown. = It grew at a non-specific time, but is not still growing.)

I have lived in Boston for ten years. = I have been living in Boston for ten years.
	(“live” is a long action - It can’t happen just once for a short time. There’s no difference between simple and continuous.)

I have read Game of Thrones. = I finished it (but could read it again in my life).
I have been reading Game of Thrones. = I haven’t finished it.
	(“read” is a medium action - There is a difference between simple and continuous.)
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Remember: continuous = [be] + verb(ing)
present perfect continuous = have/has + been + verb(ing)

part 8 - Match the activities with the results, and then write sentences with the present perfect continuous and present perfect
1 e - We’ve been tracking elephants today. We have taken some amazing photos.
2 a - I have been lying by the pool and I have finished my book.
3 b - I’ve been looking for a cheap deal, but I haven’t found one.
4 c - I’ve been touring European cities and I’ve seen dozens of churches.
5 f - We’ve been following the coastal path and we’ve walked ten miles.
6 d - We have been visiting local markets. I’ve spent a fortune.

don’t tell the truth: lie - lied - lied - lying
recline in bed: lie - lay - lain - lying
put something else in this position: lay - laid - laid - laying

Approximate numbers:
dozens = a nonspecific number with 2 digits (usually between 20 and 90)
hundreds
thousands
tens of thousands
hundreds of thousands
millions
etc.
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In other tenses (past and future), perfect continuous sentences usually include a quantity of time.
	(Perfect continuous sentences often tell us how long something has been happening.)

With a quantity of things (or times), we almost always use perfect (not continuous) verbs.
	(Present perfect sentences can tell us how many things or times.)
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p. 65 - Read the postcard from Sydney.
part 1 - answer the questions
part 2a - Find examples of each of these things in the letter.
part 2d - Cross out the words that you could omit in an informal postcard.
1 Weather sunny and very hot.
2 Been touring typical places (exhausting!)
3 People here very kind and helpful.
  People here very kind--have helped me a lot.
4 Took photos of koalas (so cute!).
5 Haven’t heard from Suri.
6 Taking a bus to Brisbane bc flying too expensive.
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NO CLASS next week, May 28.
June 4, our next class, will be about food. If you want, bring snack food from your country to the class.
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Homework: Write a postcard like the example on p. 65. (It can be from Boston or from another city you’ve been to or would like to go to.)
	p. 74 parts 3, 4, 5, 7 (about the article on p. 75)

SEND ME AN EMAIL THIS WEEK if you want to take the level-up test but you have only been in my class since April 23.
(If you have been in my class for 12 weeks, you will automatically get an email about the test.)