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2016-12-16 TOEFL: speaking 4, ind writing

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Dec 16th, 2016
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  1. Greg Malivuk
  2. [email protected]
  3. http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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  5. Homework: re-record one of the responses from today to make it “perfect”
  6. ---
  7. https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-high-can-you-count-on-your-fingers-spoiler-much-higher-than-10-james-tanton
  8. ---
  9. Cambridge 473-474 - Read and take notes, then listen and take notes. (CD7.11)
  10. Record your response.
  11. ---
  12. One thing to notice is that the question asks you about two examples, but the professor gave three. You only need to talk about the last two.
  13. Another thing to be careful of is how quickly you can summarize the reading.
  14. “The reading and lecture are about the three types of symbiotic relationships between two species. Mutualism helps both species, parasitism helps one and harms the other, and commensalism helps one and has no effect on the other. The professor gives two examples where the type of relationship changes.”
  15. Your other option is to explain the types of relationship while you explain the examples.
  16. “The first example the professor gives is bacteria that live on our skin. Normally this helps the bacteria and doesn’t affect us, so it’s commensalism. However, when the skin is burned, the bacteria can cause an infection, which harms us, so it becomes parasitism.”
  17. “The second example is shrimp and crabs living on coral. Normally the coral shelters the animals and they have no effect on the coral, so it’s commensalism. However, when the coral is attacked, the shrimp and crabs will defend it, which helps both species and is an example of mutualism.”
  18. ---
  19. Do the same for p. 515-516 (Cambridge practice test 2), CD8.11.
  20. The organization here is different. The first point is how imprinting develops, and the second is how it’s important for birds’ survival.
  21. ---
  22. http://www.eng1on1.com/ibt.php?test=4 - 10 examples for speaking question 4
  23. ---
  24. BREAK
  25. ---
  26. Writing section: last section, after speaking
  27. - integrated writing: very similar to speaking question 4, but longer and in written form (20 minutes to write)
  28. - independent writing: about your own opinion or experience, 30 minutes to write
  29. ---
  30. Independent Writing: The organization is basically the typical 5-paragraph essay taught in US middle and high schools. (There are millions of websites about the 5-paragraph essay format.)
  31. paragraph 1 = introduction - general background information about the topic, and the thesis statement where you state your main idea
  32. paragraphs 2-4 = body - one paragraph for each supporting point, which includes details and examples for each point
  33. paragraph 5 = conclusion - restate your thesis and supporting points, and then possibly generalize into a prediction or recommendation for readers
  34. ---
  35. DELTA p. 394 starts with a sample independent writing prompt.
  36. Which options below the prompt are good ideas for what you should do on the TOEFL?
  37. (It can be helpful to decide whether you agree or disagree, but it’s more important to decide which position will be easier to support in an essay.)
  38. What are some points you could write about if you disagree with the statement? If you agree?
  39. - One way to argue that you agree is to write about the problems that happen if teachers don’t motivate their students.
  40. ---
  41. To start with, you should think of (and write down) some points for both positions, and then choose the one you think has the stronger arguments. Then make an outline for how you will organize those points.
  42. ---
  43. The other type of prompt (other than “do you agree or disagree” is a choice between two stated positions:
  44. “Some people like to spend their leisure time doing activities with a lot of people. Others prefer to spend their leisure time in quiet ways by themselves or with one other person. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.”
  45. - With your partners, brainstorm points for each position, then choose one position and write a short outline for how you could support that position in a TOEFL response. (You have 5 minutes.)
  46. (This is the second prompt on p. 396.)
  47. ---
  48. You can start with all your transitions before you start to write any of the details:
  49. Some people believe
  50. Others think
  51. In my opinion
  52. I have three reasons for this.
  53. The first reason is
  54. For example
  55. The second reason is
  56. For example
  57. Last but not least,
  58. For example,
  59. In conclusion, because of - - - I believe.
  60. ---
  61. You could type all of this before you read the prompt. Then brainstorm and outline. Then complete the sentences and make them into paragraphs. Finally, add further details or examples and proofread.
  62. ---
  63. p. 397 prompt 1 - Brainstorm and write an outline for this prompt.
  64. Do the same for prompt 2.
  65. ---
  66. Homework: Respond to this prompt - See how much you can type in 30 minutes but spend extra time if you need to complete your essay.
  67. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
  68. In twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.
  69. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
  70. Email your responses to me at [email protected].
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