2019-10-16 TOEFL: reading ref, listening gist

Greg Malivuk
gmalivuk@staffordhouse.com
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
---
Give me a pen. = Give a pen to me.
Lend me a pen. = Lend a pen to me.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Take a pen from me.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Borrow a pen from me.
---
Homework: finish both handouts (the rest of 2R8 in Oxford and Quiz 7 in Delta)
Compare your answers with your partner. Try to convince them of yours if you disagree.
Oxford 2R8
1 d (If the preposition were “with” instead of “in”, c would make sense.)
3 d
4 a (It’s common to use “that” or “those” for the second item in a comparison to avoid repetition.)
	The reasons for the 2008 recession were [comparison] those for previous recessions.
5 c
7 b (Beta-endorphins are just one example of endogenous opioids.)
8 d
9 b
11 a (The animals are what produce brain opiates. “Amounts” refers to quantity of a chocolate drink, which doesn’t have any production of anything.)
12 c (The contrast between the two clauses is what suggests the following sentence.)
13 b
15 d
---
Delta Quiz 7
1 C
2 D
3 A
4 B
5 A
6 D
7 B
8 D (The sentence gives examples of which qualities are respected.)
9 C
10 A
---
Read https://www.wired.com/2016/10/inside-machine-will-turn-corpse-compost/
Identify the referents of highlighted pronouns and, in your own words, define the other highlighted words.
bay = large enclosed space
That timeline = four to six weeks
livestock = animals raised for food
carcass = dead body of an animal
just that = (try) composting in a vertical system
aerate = ventilate; add air
loam = soil, often from composting organic material
That = the idea that “we really are part of this system that’s greater than ourselves” in contrast to the desire to be sure the remains are only from one person (The hard sell is specifically the fact that the soil you take home may include remains of other people.)
That = a small clientele
local vernacular = local way of doing things (aesthetics, culture, etc.) (A vernacular is usually an informal way of speaking, but here it has a wider meaning.)
suffused = gently filled
foster = produce/generate (support)
That = the range of possibilities for customized mourning rituals
frills = unneeded “extras” or decorations
embrace = accept/adopt
folks = people (informal; friendly)
---
BREAK
---
Listening Question Types:
- purpose
- main idea
- inference
- attitude
- detail/fact
- replay/function
- prediction
- complete a table or chart
---
Main Idea (Gist)
- can be about the content or purpose
	content: What is the conversation/lecture mainly about?
	purpose: Why does the student talk to the professor? What is the purpose of the lecture?
---
Cambridge exercise L9 - From the first sentence of a lecture, what do you expect the topic to be?
1 the United Kingdom
2 award for architecture
3 Irish linen
4 figures carved in hillsides
5 geology of Mars
exercise L10 - Choose the correct option.
1 C
2 B
3 A
4 D
5 A
6 D
exercise L11 - Identify the topic and whether it’s mentioned in the first sentence.
1 magic squares - yes
2 public zoos - no
3 pony express - no
4 butterfly farm in Malaysia - yes
5 gargoyles - no
exercise L12 - All of these change from the first sentence. Identify the topics.
1 ways to record choreography
2 why people moved to the Americas
3 (lack of) historical value in contemporary photographs
4 official language policy in the US
---
Cengage exercise 9.1 - Listen to the conversations and answer the questions.
1 C
2 B
3 C
4 A
5 A
---
Exercise 9.2 - Listen to the last lectures in the exercise and answer the questions.
8 B
9 D
---
Homework: exercise 9.2 questions 1-7