Modulo struct

struct mod_int {
    int val;
    mod_int(long long v = 0) {
        if (v < 0) v = v % MOD + MOD;
        if (v >= MOD) v %= MOD;
        val = v;
    }

    static int mod_inv(int a, int m = MOD) {
        int g = m, r = a, x = 0, y = 1;
        while (r != 0) {
            int q = g / r;
            g %= r; swap(g, r);
            x -= q * y; swap(x, y);
        }
        return x < 0 ? x + m : x;
    }

    mod_int& operator+=(const mod_int &other) {
        val += other.val;
        if (val >= MOD) val -= MOD;
        return *this;
    }

    mod_int& operator-=(const mod_int &other) {
        val -= other.val;
        if (val < 0) val += MOD;
        return *this;
    }

    static unsigned fast_mod(uint64_t x, unsigned m = MOD) {
      return x % m;
    }

    mod_int& operator*=(const mod_int &other) {
        val = fast_mod((uint64_t) val * other.val);
        return *this;
    }

    mod_int& operator/=(const mod_int &other) {
        return *this *= other.inv();
    }

    friend mod_int operator+(const mod_int &a, const mod_int &b) { return mod_int(a) += b; }
    friend mod_int operator-(const mod_int &a, const mod_int &b) { return mod_int(a) -= b; }
    friend mod_int operator*(const mod_int &a, const mod_int &b) { return mod_int(a) *= b; }
    friend mod_int operator/(const mod_int &a, const mod_int &b) { return mod_int(a) /= b; }

    mod_int& operator++() {
        val = val == MOD - 1 ? 0 : val + 1;
        return *this;
    }

    mod_int& operator--() {
        val = val == 0 ? MOD - 1 : val - 1;
        return *this;
    }

    mod_int operator++(int) { mod_int before = *this; ++*this; return before; }
    mod_int operator--(int) { mod_int before = *this; --*this; return before; }

    mod_int operator-() const {
        return val == 0 ? 0 : MOD - val;
    }

    bool operator==(const mod_int &other) const { return val == other.val; }
    bool operator!=(const mod_int &other) const { return val != other.val; }

    mod_int inv() const {
        return mod_inv(val);
    }

    mod_int pow(long long p) const {
        assert(p >= 0);
        mod_int a = *this, result = 1;

        while (p > 0) {
            if (p & 1)
                result *= a;

            a *= a;
            p >>= 1;
        }

        return result;
    }

    friend ostream& operator<<(ostream &stream, const mod_int &m) {
        return stream << m.val;
    }
};