##
#  shell1_32.s - Executes a shell by calling execve
#  Compile and Link:
#        gcc -m32 -c shell1_32.s
#        ld -o shell1_32 -melf_i386 shell1_32.o

# Starts the data section, this is where the program stores initialized
# variables, and it is in a separate memory space than the .text section
.data

# This is the location of the program we intend to execute
shell_name:
    .asciz "/bin/sh"

# This is an argument we intend to pass to /bin/sh
shell_arg:
    .asciz "-p"

# This starts the .text section of the code, or the code section
.text
.global _start

_start:
    # function prolog
    push %ebp
    mov %esp, %ebp

    # places a NULL pointer on the stack
    xor %edi, %edi
    push %edi

    # place a pointer to "/bin/sh" on the stack
    mov $shell_arg, %edi
    push %edi

    # place a pointer to the argument "-p" on the stack
    mov $shell_name, %edi
    push %edi

    # move the pointer to "/bin/sh" into %ebx (the first argument to execve)
    mov %edi, %ebx
    # move a pointer to the argv list into %ecx
    mov %esp, %ecx
    # make the envp pointer NULL
    xor %edx, %edx

    # place 11 (execve systemcall number) into %eax
    xor %eax, %eax
    mov $0xb, %eax

    # make the system call
    int $0x80

    # function epilog
    pop %ebp
    ret