2014-09-11 Structure: passive voice

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Homework: exercises 1 and 3
                 (74-75)(77-78)
exercise 1
2 a
3 b = impossible
4 b
5 a
6 a
7 a (in this case, we don't know what really happened)
8 b (less than "almost certain", more than "possible")
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real: If I have money when I'm older, I will travel.
      If you have enough money, you can travel.
      If they knew about it, they could have visited.
(condition and result are both possible)

unreal: If I won the lottery tomorrow, I would buy a house.
        If I had more money now, I would travel.
        If you had had enough money, you could have traveled.
(condition and result are not possible, but we can imagine)    ---
exercise 3
2 could have caused
3 must be ("today's")
4 might have brought
5 could...have disappeared
6 could it have existed
7 had to have existed
8 must have become
9 Could there really have been
10 might be ("present-day")
11 may have influenced
12 might still walk
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exercise 5 p. 79
1 she must have eaten
2 she must have been stung or bitten
3 receptors might carry
4 sensors might report
5 the function of itching may be to warn
6 humans might have developed
7 it may be less tolerable

   Itching   warns  the body.
-> Itching may warn the body.
   The function of itching   is   to warn the body.
-> The function of itching may be to warn the body.
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TOMORROW THERE WILL BE A QUIZ ABOUT MODALS WHETHER YOU LIKE IT OR NOT
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Leverage (available on Netflix), season 5 episode 6
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Passive Voice:
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This book was written by Jay Maurer.
active: Jay Maurer wrote this book.

Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo da Vinci.
(focus on the Mona Lisa, e.g. in the Louvre)

The money must have been deposited there before.
(we don't know who did the action, we only know it happened)

Soccer has been played for hundreds of years.
(by many people, but their identities aren't important)

Italian food is eaten all over the world.
(by people in general, which is obvious without saying it)

modals      =  modal + base form
perfect     = [have] + past participle
progressive =   [be] + present participle (= verb+ing)
passive     =   [be] + past participle
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Homework: p. 84 (modals for certainty review)
          p. 240 (exercise 1 about passive)