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- 0
- 00:00:05,000 --> 00:00:15,000
- INDOXXI
- Support dengan like & share :)
- 1
- 00:01:42,208 --> 00:01:44,119
- My name is Damon.
- 2
- 00:01:45,833 --> 00:01:48,370
- And this is my daughter, velvet.
- 3
- 00:01:51,375 --> 00:01:53,366
- Are you trying to plant dad?
- 4
- 00:01:53,375 --> 00:01:54,865
- She's just turned four.
- 5
- 00:01:58,083 --> 00:02:00,495
- Her days are spent
- in a happy bubble,
- 6
- 00:02:00,500 --> 00:02:02,957
- created by my excellent wife,
- Zoe.
- 7
- 00:02:02,958 --> 00:02:04,619
- Yeah?
- 8
- 00:02:08,500 --> 00:02:11,663
- She's lucky enough that
- her major concerns right now
- 9
- 00:02:11,667 --> 00:02:16,489
- are numbers... Daddy.
- Mummy. Velly.
- 10
- 00:02:16,500 --> 00:02:18,411
- So how many pieces is that?
- 11
- 00:02:21,125 --> 00:02:23,161
- How to tell
- a knock knock joke...
- 12
- 00:02:23,167 --> 00:02:24,782
- - Knock, knock.
- - Who's there?
- 13
- 00:02:24,792 --> 00:02:26,657
- - Unicorn.
- - Unicorn who?
- 14
- 00:02:26,667 --> 00:02:28,999
- Unicorn jump over the rainbow.
- 15
- 00:02:29,000 --> 00:02:32,913
- Oh, that's who it is!
- 16
- 00:02:32,917 --> 00:02:35,659
- And the elusive art of
- sleep direction.
- 17
- 00:02:39,917 --> 00:02:42,659
- But soon she'll have to
- leave that happy bubble
- 18
- 00:02:42,667 --> 00:02:45,659
- and face a rapidly
- deteriorating environment.
- 19
- 00:02:47,792 --> 00:02:49,498
- faster than
- the scientists predicted.
- 20
- 00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:50,990
- We're seeing large waterfalls
- 21
- 00:02:51,000 --> 00:02:52,536
- pouring off the side of the ice.
- 22
- 00:02:52,542 --> 00:02:54,624
- It's an alarming acceleration.
- 23
- 00:02:54,625 --> 00:02:56,786
- The need to address this
- is so urgent...
- 24
- 00:02:58,417 --> 00:03:00,032
- That it often overwhelms me.
- 25
- 00:03:05,917 --> 00:03:09,614
- The simplest way I can explain
- our current predicament
- 26
- 00:03:09,625 --> 00:03:12,788
- is to briefly channel
- my year nine science teacher
- 27
- 00:03:12,792 --> 00:03:15,659
- and pretend our house
- is the planet.
- 28
- 00:03:19,667 --> 00:03:22,739
- Carbon is a miraculous
- building block
- 29
- 00:03:22,750 --> 00:03:24,286
- and for millions of years,
- 30
- 00:03:24,292 --> 00:03:27,284
- our planet has been part of
- a natural carbon cycle.
- 31
- 00:03:27,292 --> 00:03:30,284
- Some gets released,
- some gets stored,
- 32
- 00:03:30,292 --> 00:03:31,907
- and if these things
- are balanced,
- 33
- 00:03:31,917 --> 00:03:33,782
- then equilibrium is maintained.
- 34
- 00:03:35,292 --> 00:03:37,157
- But since the
- industrial revolution,
- 35
- 00:03:37,167 --> 00:03:39,533
- we've broken the balance
- 36
- 00:03:39,542 --> 00:03:41,282
- and have been
- dramatically increasing
- 37
- 00:03:41,292 --> 00:03:43,658
- the release of
- the earth's stored carbon
- 38
- 00:03:43,667 --> 00:03:45,282
- into our atmosphere.
- 39
- 00:03:53,000 --> 00:03:54,865
- For hundreds of thousands of
- years,
- 40
- 00:03:54,875 --> 00:03:59,039
- we've hovered between about
- 180 and 280 parts per million
- 41
- 00:03:59,042 --> 00:04:01,784
- of carbon dioxide
- in the atmosphere.
- 42
- 00:04:01,792 --> 00:04:03,657
- But since the
- industrial revolution,
- 43
- 00:04:03,667 --> 00:04:06,659
- that number has shot up over 40%
- 44
- 00:04:06,667 --> 00:04:09,158
- to more than
- 400 parts per million,
- 45
- 00:04:09,167 --> 00:04:11,624
- trapping heat in our atmosphere.
- 46
- 00:04:13,625 --> 00:04:17,117
- More than 90% of
- the excess heat being trapped
- 47
- 00:04:17,125 --> 00:04:19,116
- is absorbed by our oceans.
- 48
- 00:04:20,375 --> 00:04:23,867
- The oceans also absorb much
- of the extra carbon dioxide,
- 49
- 00:04:23,875 --> 00:04:30,075
- and so are now 30% more acidic
- than they were 150 years ago.
- 50
- 00:04:30,083 --> 00:04:32,699
- And this is impacting
- on biodiversity,
- 51
- 00:04:32,708 --> 00:04:37,372
- as many sea creatures,
- such as oysters or clams,
- 52
- 00:04:37,375 --> 00:04:40,242
- are struggling to make
- their shells.
- 53
- 00:04:40,250 --> 00:04:43,617
- But the increased heat and
- overall energy in the system
- 54
- 00:04:43,625 --> 00:04:46,617
- also leads to more intense
- weather events.
- 55
- 00:04:49,083 --> 00:04:51,244
- Hotter air can hold
- more moisture,
- 56
- 00:04:51,250 --> 00:04:54,367
- so rainfalls, storms,
- hurricanes, floods,
- 57
- 00:04:54,375 --> 00:04:57,082
- even snowfalls
- can become heavier.
- 58
- 00:05:01,000 --> 00:05:04,822
- It is true that the climate
- has always been changing.
- 59
- 00:05:04,833 --> 00:05:06,869
- It just hasn't changed
- this rapidly
- 60
- 00:05:06,875 --> 00:05:08,831
- in at least 50 million years.
- 61
- 00:05:13,458 --> 00:05:16,120
- Unfortunately,
- the increase in heat
- 62
- 00:05:16,125 --> 00:05:18,867
- also means that our polar caps
- and glaciers
- 63
- 00:05:18,875 --> 00:05:20,490
- are rapidly melting,
- 64
- 00:05:20,500 --> 00:05:22,331
- which causes sea level rise
- 65
- 00:05:22,333 --> 00:05:24,119
- that threatens
- hundreds of millions of people
- 66
- 00:05:33,625 --> 00:05:36,116
- The earth
- is our collective home,
- 67
- 00:05:36,125 --> 00:05:39,617
- but we're actually renting it
- from future generations.
- 68
- 00:05:39,625 --> 00:05:42,458
- So we need to not only rapidly
- reduce our emissions...
- 69
- 00:05:43,958 --> 00:05:45,619
- Oi! Righto!
- 70
- 00:05:47,833 --> 00:05:49,824
- But also find ways to sequester
- 71
- 00:05:49,833 --> 00:05:53,121
- or draw down
- the excess carbon dioxide
- 72
- 00:05:53,125 --> 00:05:55,116
- that has already been
- put into the system.
- 73
- 00:05:56,500 --> 00:06:00,322
- Many scientists believe that
- getting down to 350 ppm
- 74
- 00:06:00,333 --> 00:06:02,244
- would be a terrific goal.
- 75
- 00:06:13,250 --> 00:06:15,741
- So I think we're all
- pretty aware
- 76
- 00:06:15,750 --> 00:06:17,957
- that when it comes to
- predictions of the future,
- 77
- 00:06:17,958 --> 00:06:20,995
- they're almost entirely
- negative at the moment.
- 78
- 00:06:21,000 --> 00:06:23,832
- Any time you open your newsfeed
- or social media,
- 79
- 00:06:23,833 --> 00:06:25,619
- there's some kind of
- doom and gloom story
- 80
- 00:06:25,625 --> 00:06:28,241
- about the future of
- our environment.
- 81
- 00:06:29,625 --> 00:06:32,241
- And as a father, I...
- 82
- 00:06:32,250 --> 00:06:35,242
- I think there's room
- for a different story.
- 83
- 00:06:35,250 --> 00:06:37,582
- A story that focuses
- on the solutions
- 84
- 00:06:37,583 --> 00:06:39,699
- to some of these problems.
- 85
- 00:06:39,708 --> 00:06:44,577
- So my plan is to go out and
- find some of these solutions
- 86
- 00:06:44,583 --> 00:06:47,575
- and then create a vision
- of a different future
- 87
- 00:06:47,583 --> 00:06:49,448
- for our daughter.
- 88
- 00:06:49,458 --> 00:06:50,698
- What about...
- 89
- 00:06:50,708 --> 00:06:52,744
- I want to show her
- what the world would look like
- 90
- 00:06:52,750 --> 00:06:56,572
- if the solutions I find
- were implemented today.
- 91
- 00:06:56,583 --> 00:06:59,746
- So, what would the world
- look like in 2040
- 92
- 00:06:59,750 --> 00:07:03,117
- if we just embraced
- the best that already exists?
- 93
- 00:07:04,500 --> 00:07:06,741
- And that's my only rule.
- 94
- 00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:09,492
- Everything I show her in
- this 2040,
- 95
- 00:07:09,500 --> 00:07:12,822
- has to exist today,
- in some form.
- 96
- 00:07:12,833 --> 00:07:14,323
- I can't make it up.
- 97
- 00:07:15,750 --> 00:07:18,116
- - See you, dadda.
- - See you, darling.
- 98
- 00:07:22,250 --> 00:07:23,456
- Have fun.
- 99
- 00:07:24,500 --> 00:07:26,832
- I'm calling it
- an exercise in
- 100
- 00:07:26,833 --> 00:07:29,199
- fact-based dreaming.
- 101
- 00:07:54,583 --> 00:07:59,703
- The first step in this exercise
- was to consult the generation
- 102
- 00:07:59,708 --> 00:08:03,371
- who'll be sharing the future
- with our daughter.
- 103
- 00:08:04,875 --> 00:08:06,365
- - Hi, everybody.
- - Morning.
- 104
- 00:08:06,375 --> 00:08:08,240
- Morning. My name is Damon.
- 105
- 00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:10,491
- Now, do you guys know where
- we've come from today?
- 106
- 00:08:10,500 --> 00:08:12,456
- Do you know what country
- that I'm from?
- 107
- 00:08:12,458 --> 00:08:13,368
- No.
- 108
- 00:08:13,375 --> 00:08:15,616
- We have animals called platypus.
- 109
- 00:08:17,500 --> 00:08:20,457
- - Kangaroo.
- - Australia!
- 110
- 00:08:20,458 --> 00:08:21,948
- Australia? Yeah, yeah, yeah.
- 111
- 00:08:21,958 --> 00:08:23,869
- We've been going
- all around the world
- 112
- 00:08:23,875 --> 00:08:25,615
- and talking to lots of
- different children your age,
- 113
- 00:08:25,625 --> 00:08:27,331
- and so we're going to
- ask you what kind of things
- 114
- 00:08:27,333 --> 00:08:28,823
- you want to see in the future.
- 115
- 00:08:32,042 --> 00:08:36,035
- Well, what would make me
- happy in the world is...
- 116
- 00:08:36,042 --> 00:08:37,532
- Hmm.
- 117
- 00:08:38,792 --> 00:08:40,407
- I think we should get
- this invention
- 118
- 00:08:40,417 --> 00:08:45,787
- which sucks up
- all of the rubbish in the world
- 119
- 00:08:45,792 --> 00:08:49,364
- and puts it in a intergalactic
- dimension,
- 120
- 00:08:49,375 --> 00:08:51,912
- which is a rubbish dimension.
- 121
- 00:08:51,917 --> 00:08:55,114
- I'd like to see deforestation
- being stopped
- 122
- 00:08:55,125 --> 00:08:57,992
- because it's ruining the planet.
- 123
- 00:08:58,000 --> 00:09:00,742
- Animals are losing their homes.
- 124
- 00:09:10,417 --> 00:09:13,909
- Cleaner water. That would
- really make me happy.
- 125
- 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:24,161
- Well, I would like for
- the government
- 126
- 00:09:24,167 --> 00:09:28,240
- to have done something on
- global warming and pollution,
- 127
- 00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:32,664
- as now, I think they're not
- really doing anything about it.
- 128
- 00:09:32,667 --> 00:09:34,783
- You know,
- just be respectful to earth.
- 129
- 00:09:40,292 --> 00:09:43,989
- It was sobering to learn
- how preoccupied the kids are
- 130
- 00:09:44,000 --> 00:09:46,286
- with the state of the planet,
- 131
- 00:09:46,292 --> 00:09:48,283
- and what a big job
- I had ahead of me.
- 132
- 00:09:49,417 --> 00:09:53,239
- So I began my search
- for solutions with energy.
- 133
- 00:10:20,000 --> 00:10:24,414
- I found myself in Bangladesh,
- where the roads are chaotic...
- 134
- 00:10:26,292 --> 00:10:29,034
- And people are openly
- peddling ice on the streets.
- 135
- 00:10:31,542 --> 00:10:34,124
- Currently, Bangladesh
- has one of the largest
- 136
- 00:10:34,125 --> 00:10:36,036
- solar home system
- markets in the world.
- 137
- 00:10:36,042 --> 00:10:37,782
- Over 5 million
- solar home systems.
- 138
- 00:10:37,792 --> 00:10:40,624
- So most households in every
- rural area in Bangladesh
- 139
- 00:10:40,625 --> 00:10:42,115
- actually has
- a solar home system,
- 140
- 00:10:42,125 --> 00:10:43,911
- and that's their primary
- source of energy.
- 141
- 00:10:43,917 --> 00:10:45,248
- Wow.
- 142
- 00:10:46,750 --> 00:10:51,164
- This charming 23-year-old
- is neel tamhane,
- 143
- 00:10:51,167 --> 00:10:53,874
- who has studied alternative
- energy technologies
- 144
- 00:10:53,875 --> 00:10:56,662
- and come home to help
- power his country.
- 145
- 00:10:58,417 --> 00:11:02,285
- Turns out I wasn't the only one
- who wanted to hear him talk.
- 146
- 00:11:04,625 --> 00:11:07,788
- So what we do is we
- interconnect solar home systems
- 147
- 00:11:07,792 --> 00:11:10,408
- and we enable energy
- sharing between them,
- 148
- 00:11:10,417 --> 00:11:11,907
- which is basically trading,
- 149
- 00:11:11,917 --> 00:11:14,249
- and the customer chooses
- when they want to trade
- 150
- 00:11:14,250 --> 00:11:15,740
- and when they don't.
- 151
- 00:11:17,292 --> 00:11:19,658
- Instead of building large grids,
- 152
- 00:11:19,667 --> 00:11:21,908
- we're proposing
- a decentralised structure
- 153
- 00:11:21,917 --> 00:11:24,750
- where we start building grids
- bottom up.
- 154
- 00:11:26,917 --> 00:11:30,034
- The setup
- is quite simple.
- 155
- 00:11:30,042 --> 00:11:32,784
- Any home that has solar panels
- and a battery...
- 156
- 00:11:34,667 --> 00:11:36,532
- Can buy this special box...
- 157
- 00:11:38,042 --> 00:11:39,782
- Which connects them
- to another house
- 158
- 00:11:39,792 --> 00:11:41,282
- with the same setup.
- 159
- 00:11:43,250 --> 00:11:46,788
- The box allows the buying
- or selling of energy
- 160
- 00:11:46,792 --> 00:11:48,282
- between the homes.
- 161
- 00:11:49,542 --> 00:11:50,998
- But it gets better.
- 162
- 00:11:52,250 --> 00:11:54,741
- There is still a segment
- of the population
- 163
- 00:11:54,750 --> 00:11:56,741
- that still can't afford to
- buy a solar home system.
- 164
- 00:11:56,750 --> 00:11:58,286
- So, instead of doing that,
- 165
- 00:11:58,292 --> 00:12:00,874
- if they can just buy
- a small solbox,
- 166
- 00:12:00,875 --> 00:12:02,786
- they can just buy energy
- when they need it.
- 167
- 00:12:02,792 --> 00:12:05,374
- You fill up your solbox
- with money.
- 168
- 00:12:05,375 --> 00:12:08,287
- As you keep using energy,
- it deducts money.
- 169
- 00:12:13,250 --> 00:12:15,036
- What this means
- 170
- 00:12:15,042 --> 00:12:17,408
- is that all the boxes
- can connect to each other
- 171
- 00:12:17,417 --> 00:12:18,907
- to form a microgrid.
- 172
- 00:12:20,292 --> 00:12:22,658
- It's like a water tank
- of community energy
- 173
- 00:12:22,667 --> 00:12:25,625
- that people can give to
- or take from.
- 174
- 00:12:27,250 --> 00:12:29,366
- The beauty is that
- this microgrid
- 175
- 00:12:29,375 --> 00:12:31,991
- can then connect to the
- adjacent village's microgrid
- 176
- 00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:34,992
- and the network becomes
- stronger and stronger.
- 177
- 00:12:36,542 --> 00:12:38,783
- There's a mimicking of nature
- here, isn't there?
- 178
- 00:12:38,792 --> 00:12:41,909
- Like, in the way that
- cells multiply
- 179
- 00:12:41,917 --> 00:12:44,374
- and form something
- and strengthen it.
- 180
- 00:12:44,375 --> 00:12:46,366
- Yeah, that's a great analogy.
- 181
- 00:12:46,375 --> 00:12:48,661
- You have one solar home system,
- 182
- 00:12:48,667 --> 00:12:50,749
- you interconnect with your
- neighbours, you make it 50.
- 183
- 00:12:50,750 --> 00:12:52,536
- Slowly,
- you interconnect villages.
- 184
- 00:12:52,542 --> 00:12:54,123
- Once you have collected
- hundreds,
- 185
- 00:12:54,125 --> 00:12:56,116
- you can hook it up to the grid,
- you can sell to the grid.
- 186
- 00:12:56,125 --> 00:12:57,615
- Forget buying from it -
- 187
- 00:12:57,625 --> 00:12:59,411
- you become the primary
- energy generation source
- 188
- 00:12:59,417 --> 00:13:00,907
- for the country.
- 189
- 00:13:01,917 --> 00:13:04,158
- So the idea is
- we are like a swarm of bees
- 190
- 00:13:04,167 --> 00:13:07,284
- or a swarm of fish
- that move together,
- 191
- 00:13:07,292 --> 00:13:10,250
- pool in all our energies
- together to run bigger loads.
- 192
- 00:13:12,625 --> 00:13:15,412
- This technology
- could revolutionise
- 193
- 00:13:15,417 --> 00:13:18,534
- the way we distribute energy
- worldwide.
- 194
- 00:13:20,875 --> 00:13:23,742
- From little things,
- big things grow.
- 195
- 00:13:25,417 --> 00:13:29,615
- When we have a
- decentralised mode of energy,
- 196
- 00:13:29,625 --> 00:13:31,411
- the same thing that happened
- with the web,
- 197
- 00:13:31,417 --> 00:13:32,907
- happens with information
- 198
- 00:13:32,917 --> 00:13:34,908
- where basically,
- it's Democratic.
- 199
- 00:13:34,917 --> 00:13:36,657
- Energy becomes Democratic.
- 200
- 00:13:36,667 --> 00:13:39,033
- But also it becomes
- very efficient.
- 201
- 00:13:39,042 --> 00:13:40,498
- It's far more efficient
- 202
- 00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:43,913
- because you produce it at
- the point where you consume it.
- 203
- 00:13:48,125 --> 00:13:51,288
- Having efficient
- local energy
- 204
- 00:13:51,292 --> 00:13:53,908
- also provides greater resilience
- 205
- 00:13:53,917 --> 00:13:56,374
- in an increasingly
- hostile climate.
- 206
- 00:13:58,500 --> 00:14:00,912
- And when we talk about
- climate change, it's floods,
- 207
- 00:14:00,917 --> 00:14:04,159
- it's natural disasters
- that happen very often here.
- 208
- 00:14:04,167 --> 00:14:07,910
- In the last 1.5 years, we have
- seen about 5, 6 disasters.
- 209
- 00:14:11,125 --> 00:14:14,367
- When you have a centralised
- grid, everything breaks down
- 210
- 00:14:14,375 --> 00:14:17,242
- and then it takes a long time
- to build it back up.
- 211
- 00:14:20,375 --> 00:14:22,866
- If we have decentralised
- generation sources,
- 212
- 00:14:22,875 --> 00:14:25,412
- every household has their own
- generation source.
- 213
- 00:14:25,417 --> 00:14:26,532
- They're independent
- 214
- 00:14:26,542 --> 00:14:28,032
- and they have their power
- in their own hands,
- 215
- 00:14:28,042 --> 00:14:29,532
- instead of depending
- on the government
- 216
- 00:14:29,542 --> 00:14:31,157
- to provide it to them.
- 217
- 00:14:50,792 --> 00:14:54,114
- The impact of the
- locally-generated electricity
- 218
- 00:14:54,125 --> 00:14:55,911
- is best seen at night.
- 219
- 00:14:58,542 --> 00:15:03,366
- The influx of cash has made the
- village bazaar the place to be.
- 220
- 00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:42,786
- You guys have just skipped
- the landline telephone.
- 221
- 00:15:42,792 --> 00:15:44,282
- You've gone straight to
- the mobile.
- 222
- 00:15:44,292 --> 00:15:46,783
- Exactly. And it's throughout.
- It's not even about energy.
- 223
- 00:15:46,792 --> 00:15:49,374
- We skipped the grid
- and we build our own.
- 224
- 00:15:49,375 --> 00:15:51,912
- There are developing
- countries like India,
- 225
- 00:15:51,917 --> 00:15:54,124
- Bangladesh, a lot
- of countries in east Africa
- 226
- 00:15:54,125 --> 00:15:56,491
- that are trying to do
- a top-down electrification.
- 227
- 00:15:56,500 --> 00:15:58,616
- They are spending
- billions of dollars here.
- 228
- 00:15:58,625 --> 00:16:00,115
- But instead of doing that,
- 229
- 00:16:00,125 --> 00:16:02,537
- if they can actually help
- subsidise these systems
- 230
- 00:16:02,542 --> 00:16:04,749
- and let people
- own their own system,
- 231
- 00:16:04,750 --> 00:16:07,787
- they would be so proud
- by owning these.
- 232
- 00:16:07,792 --> 00:16:10,408
- So when I'm trading energy
- with you, suppose,
- 233
- 00:16:10,417 --> 00:16:13,739
- you're actually paying me for
- it, and I'm getting the money,
- 234
- 00:16:13,750 --> 00:16:15,866
- so the money also stays
- within the economy.
- 235
- 00:16:18,042 --> 00:16:19,748
- This is bringing back people
- together.
- 236
- 00:16:19,750 --> 00:16:22,036
- Yes!
- 237
- 00:16:24,792 --> 00:16:29,365
- As I left the village,
- I had a renewed sense of hope.
- 238
- 00:16:29,375 --> 00:16:31,912
- Particularly when neel told me
- 239
- 00:16:31,917 --> 00:16:34,249
- this technology is springing up
- in other countries.
- 240
- 00:16:38,167 --> 00:16:41,124
- This solution is
- great for our environment,
- 241
- 00:16:41,125 --> 00:16:44,538
- with so many cascading benefits
- 242
- 00:16:44,542 --> 00:16:47,409
- for any community
- that chooses to adopt it.
- 243
- 00:16:53,792 --> 00:16:58,286
- So, sticking to my rule of only
- showing what exists today,
- 244
- 00:16:58,292 --> 00:17:01,409
- here's what the future
- of energy could look like
- 245
- 00:17:01,417 --> 00:17:02,907
- for my daughter.
- 246
- 00:17:11,625 --> 00:17:13,832
- This, velvet, could be you.
- 247
- 00:17:14,875 --> 00:17:16,240
- Or this.
- 248
- 00:17:17,333 --> 00:17:18,994
- Or even this.
- 249
- 00:17:19,000 --> 00:17:20,956
- We love you.
- 250
- 00:17:20,958 --> 00:17:23,620
- And this could be where
- you live.
- 251
- 00:17:24,875 --> 00:17:26,115
- Or here.
- 252
- 00:17:28,500 --> 00:17:30,491
- Or even here.
- 253
- 00:17:30,500 --> 00:17:32,365
- But probably not here.
- 254
- 00:17:32,375 --> 00:17:36,823
- Darling! It's seven o'clock!
- It's time for family yoga!
- 255
- 00:17:41,750 --> 00:17:43,456
- Crystal, bring up energy.
- 256
- 00:17:44,625 --> 00:17:46,865
- Certainly.
- What would you like me to do?
- 257
- 00:17:48,250 --> 00:17:51,117
- Imagine if your house
- in 2040
- 258
- 00:17:51,125 --> 00:17:52,865
- is part of a microgrid
- 259
- 00:17:52,875 --> 00:17:56,072
- that helps power the economy
- throughout your city.
- 260
- 00:18:02,000 --> 00:18:04,491
- Imagine if your windows
- are solar glass
- 261
- 00:18:04,500 --> 00:18:06,616
- and come standard in new homes.
- 262
- 00:18:08,250 --> 00:18:12,448
- And your solar battery
- is cheap and recyclable.
- 263
- 00:18:14,458 --> 00:18:17,996
- This could allow you to
- donate your excess energy.
- 264
- 00:18:18,000 --> 00:18:19,956
- I'm going away for four days.
- 265
- 00:18:19,958 --> 00:18:22,074
- Would you like to
- share or sell?
- 266
- 00:18:22,083 --> 00:18:25,325
- Share. Hurricane relief.
- 267
- 00:18:25,333 --> 00:18:27,369
- Done. You're a legend.
- 268
- 00:18:27,375 --> 00:18:29,115
- Thanks.
- 269
- 00:18:29,125 --> 00:18:30,740
- - Humans are awesome.
- - Ok.
- 270
- 00:18:30,750 --> 00:18:33,492
- That choice
- was good for your soul.
- 271
- 00:18:33,500 --> 00:18:34,831
- Alright.
- 272
- 00:18:35,875 --> 00:18:37,615
- Every home
- is going to have a battery
- 273
- 00:18:37,625 --> 00:18:40,207
- that's going to store
- as much electricity
- 274
- 00:18:40,208 --> 00:18:41,698
- as it possibly can store.
- 275
- 00:18:41,708 --> 00:18:43,869
- And all the governments
- in the world
- 276
- 00:18:43,875 --> 00:18:45,740
- cannot push back against that
- 277
- 00:18:45,750 --> 00:18:48,241
- because folks are going to go
- buy it at the store,
- 278
- 00:18:48,250 --> 00:18:51,367
- at Ikea, at Walmart,
- at the supermarket.
- 279
- 00:18:51,375 --> 00:18:52,865
- And it's going to be very cheap.
- 280
- 00:18:52,875 --> 00:18:54,866
- So cheap that you're not even
- going to notice.
- 281
- 00:18:59,500 --> 00:19:01,832
- If cheaper
- home energy systems
- 282
- 00:19:01,833 --> 00:19:04,825
- are combined with more people
- demanding clean energy
- 283
- 00:19:04,833 --> 00:19:06,323
- from their politicians,
- darling...
- 284
- 00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:09,365
- Then there's a chance
- many countries
- 285
- 00:19:09,375 --> 00:19:13,368
- could be close to
- 100% renewable by 2040.
- 286
- 00:19:17,750 --> 00:19:19,240
- What I can guarantee
- 287
- 00:19:19,250 --> 00:19:21,741
- is that not only will I be
- an embarrassing dad...
- 288
- 00:19:21,750 --> 00:19:23,240
- Find news.
- 289
- 00:19:24,333 --> 00:19:27,120
- But that natural disasters
- will increase their intensity
- 290
- 00:19:27,125 --> 00:19:28,831
- over the next two decades.
- 291
- 00:19:30,458 --> 00:19:32,870
- Absolute chaos.
- 292
- 00:19:32,875 --> 00:19:35,582
- Run, run! Get out!
- Run, run!
- 293
- 00:19:38,000 --> 00:19:40,241
- God. Oh, my god!
- 294
- 00:19:41,708 --> 00:19:43,244
- Whoa!
- 295
- 00:19:49,875 --> 00:19:51,456
- But what I now know
- 296
- 00:19:51,458 --> 00:19:54,370
- is that we actually have
- everything we need
- 297
- 00:19:54,375 --> 00:19:57,117
- on both a large and small-scale
- 298
- 00:19:57,125 --> 00:20:00,117
- to power us through
- these disasters.
- 299
- 00:20:01,375 --> 00:20:03,115
- And by building new grids,
- 300
- 00:20:03,125 --> 00:20:06,447
- loads of people
- will get loads of jobs.
- 301
- 00:20:07,625 --> 00:20:09,365
- - Oh, that's good.
- - Mmm.
- 302
- 00:20:11,083 --> 00:20:14,871
- But what would be really great
- during this transition, velvet,
- 303
- 00:20:14,875 --> 00:20:18,072
- is if the people who work
- in the fossil fuel industry
- 304
- 00:20:18,083 --> 00:20:22,452
- are given support and funding
- for retraining in new careers.
- 305
- 00:20:24,083 --> 00:20:27,575
- Paid for by redirecting some of
- the $10 million a minute
- 306
- 00:20:27,583 --> 00:20:31,747
- governments currently spend
- subsidising fossil fuels.
- 307
- 00:20:56,833 --> 00:20:59,620
- What struck me
- about the microgrids
- 308
- 00:20:59,625 --> 00:21:02,457
- is that the profits from
- the shared energy
- 309
- 00:21:02,458 --> 00:21:05,825
- stay within the community
- and empower individuals,
- 310
- 00:21:05,833 --> 00:21:08,996
- rather than going to a big
- energy company elsewhere.
- 311
- 00:21:10,833 --> 00:21:14,075
- But it turns out microgrids
- are currently illegal
- 312
- 00:21:14,083 --> 00:21:15,573
- in some countries.
- 313
- 00:21:18,083 --> 00:21:20,745
- If we recognised
- that our well-being
- 314
- 00:21:20,750 --> 00:21:23,332
- fundamentally depends
- upon the stability
- 315
- 00:21:23,333 --> 00:21:25,244
- and the thriving of this planet,
- 316
- 00:21:25,250 --> 00:21:26,740
- we would put that at the heart
- 317
- 00:21:26,750 --> 00:21:28,240
- of the economic system
- we create.
- 318
- 00:21:30,125 --> 00:21:32,616
- I met with
- the economist Kate raworth
- 319
- 00:21:32,625 --> 00:21:34,331
- in an appropriate location.
- 320
- 00:21:36,250 --> 00:21:38,741
- Kate is proposing
- a new economic framework
- 321
- 00:21:38,750 --> 00:21:41,082
- designed for our current
- predicament.
- 322
- 00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:45,617
- Today's economy,
- the returns of production
- 323
- 00:21:45,625 --> 00:21:49,206
- are accruing to a 1%,
- which leaves us with
- 324
- 00:21:49,208 --> 00:21:50,948
- these extraordinary levels
- of inequality.
- 325
- 00:21:50,958 --> 00:21:52,619
- So we need to create an economy
- 326
- 00:21:52,625 --> 00:21:55,457
- in which value created
- is shared far more equitably
- 327
- 00:21:55,458 --> 00:21:57,244
- with all those
- who help create it.
- 328
- 00:21:57,250 --> 00:22:00,367
- And daft though it sounds, I
- think it looks like a doughnut.
- 329
- 00:22:00,375 --> 00:22:02,240
- The kind with the hole
- in the middle.
- 330
- 00:22:02,250 --> 00:22:05,083
- So, in the hole in the middle
- of that doughnut
- 331
- 00:22:06,625 --> 00:22:10,241
- on life's essentials
- - be it food,
- 332
- 00:22:10,250 --> 00:22:17,241
- housing, education,
- water, energy,
- 333
- 00:22:17,250 --> 00:22:20,083
- and so we want to get everybody
- in the world out of that hole.
- 334
- 00:22:22,250 --> 00:22:26,323
- But we also can't go beyond
- the doughnut's outer crust,
- 335
- 00:22:26,333 --> 00:22:28,324
- because there we start to put
- so much pressure
- 336
- 00:22:28,333 --> 00:22:29,823
- on this extraordinary planet,
- 337
- 00:22:29,833 --> 00:22:31,573
- causing climate breakdown...
- 338
- 00:22:33,250 --> 00:22:34,581
- Biodiversity loss...
- 339
- 00:22:36,375 --> 00:22:37,615
- Air-pollution...
- 340
- 00:22:39,083 --> 00:22:40,698
- Too much land conversion.
- 341
- 00:22:41,625 --> 00:22:44,582
- We kick out of kilter this
- extraordinary living planet
- 342
- 00:22:44,583 --> 00:22:46,448
- on which all of our well-being
- depends.
- 343
- 00:22:49,750 --> 00:22:52,116
- Last century's economists
- didn't see this.
- 344
- 00:22:52,125 --> 00:22:54,867
- No phase of humanity
- has encountered this before.
- 345
- 00:22:54,875 --> 00:22:57,241
- It's our generational challenge.
- 346
- 00:22:57,250 --> 00:22:58,865
- We need new ideas to do this.
- 347
- 00:23:01,875 --> 00:23:05,572
- The wonderful thing about
- the microgrids
- 348
- 00:23:05,583 --> 00:23:08,871
- is that they fit beautifully
- within the doughnut framework.
- 349
- 00:23:10,000 --> 00:23:13,242
- The solar energy helps restore
- the outer boundaries
- 350
- 00:23:13,250 --> 00:23:14,740
- like climate change...
- 351
- 00:23:15,833 --> 00:23:17,243
- And air-pollution...
- 352
- 00:23:18,750 --> 00:23:20,456
- But on the inner boundaries,
- 353
- 00:23:20,458 --> 00:23:23,370
- more people are pulled
- into the doughnut
- 354
- 00:23:23,375 --> 00:23:26,242
- by improving health,
- with less kerosene use...
- 355
- 00:23:27,583 --> 00:23:30,450
- Education, by providing light
- to study...
- 356
- 00:23:31,958 --> 00:23:33,243
- Income equality,
- 357
- 00:23:33,250 --> 00:23:35,457
- by keeping profits within
- the local economy...
- 358
- 00:23:36,750 --> 00:23:38,115
- And networks,
- 359
- 00:23:38,125 --> 00:23:41,197
- because the microgrid now
- interconnects households.
- 360
- 00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:00,618
- I am going to invent a plane
- and...
- 361
- 00:24:00,625 --> 00:24:02,616
- You type in the coordinates
- where...
- 362
- 00:24:02,625 --> 00:24:06,743
- What you want it... where you
- want it to go and...
- 363
- 00:24:06,750 --> 00:24:09,617
- In a split second, you're there.
- 364
- 00:24:09,625 --> 00:24:12,332
- I think electric cars
- would help the environment
- 365
- 00:24:12,333 --> 00:24:14,619
- because that causes
- less pollution.
- 366
- 00:24:14,625 --> 00:24:19,369
- And maybe, um, get electric
- cars if they can, um,
- 367
- 00:24:19,375 --> 00:24:21,866
- 'cause that reduces,
- like, fossil fuels
- 368
- 00:24:21,875 --> 00:24:23,866
- and then that also stops
- global warming.
- 369
- 00:24:23,875 --> 00:24:25,615
- And instead of using cars,
- 370
- 00:24:25,625 --> 00:24:27,866
- I would like to use
- rocket boots to go around
- 371
- 00:24:27,875 --> 00:24:30,082
- and they would be
- powered by plants.
- 372
- 00:24:30,083 --> 00:24:32,870
- Oh, that would be so cool.
- That would be awesome.
- 373
- 00:24:32,875 --> 00:24:34,331
- And rocket boots, I think,
- 374
- 00:24:34,333 --> 00:24:37,746
- would really cool to see people
- flying around the city in.
- 375
- 00:24:37,750 --> 00:24:39,832
- And also I want it to go
- worldwide
- 376
- 00:24:39,833 --> 00:24:41,869
- and I want to try
- and invent them.
- 377
- 00:24:49,500 --> 00:24:51,456
- So, it's interesting
- 378
- 00:24:51,458 --> 00:24:53,494
- being in some of these
- big American cities,
- 379
- 00:24:53,500 --> 00:24:55,115
- the traffic is just diabolical.
- 380
- 00:24:55,125 --> 00:24:56,956
- And I can see that it...
- 381
- 00:24:56,958 --> 00:24:59,825
- You know, I consider myself
- quite a happy person, you know.
- 382
- 00:24:59,833 --> 00:25:01,744
- I've got not a lot to
- complain about.
- 383
- 00:25:02,875 --> 00:25:04,365
- But I'm really...
- 384
- 00:25:05,833 --> 00:25:09,451
- Feeling a bit antsy
- in this traffic and, um...
- 385
- 00:25:09,458 --> 00:25:10,868
- It kind of does that to you.
- 386
- 00:25:10,875 --> 00:25:13,867
- And I think probably
- a lot of people
- 387
- 00:25:13,875 --> 00:25:15,991
- might not put that as a factor
- 388
- 00:25:16,000 --> 00:25:17,865
- because they've got other
- things going on in their life,
- 389
- 00:25:17,875 --> 00:25:19,365
- but if you do have things
- in your life
- 390
- 00:25:19,375 --> 00:25:20,865
- that are bothering you,
- 391
- 00:25:20,875 --> 00:25:22,957
- then you throw yourself
- into this environment...
- 392
- 00:25:22,958 --> 00:25:24,619
- Things can get a little tense.
- 393
- 00:25:24,625 --> 00:25:26,616
- And I've been tempted to
- jump on the horn
- 394
- 00:25:26,625 --> 00:25:28,365
- and abuse couple of people.
- 395
- 00:25:36,375 --> 00:25:38,081
- In the us right now,
- 396
- 00:25:38,083 --> 00:25:41,871
- road vehicles contribute
- to 20% of emissions.
- 397
- 00:25:44,750 --> 00:25:48,993
- But our environment and sanity
- will be severely tested
- 398
- 00:25:49,000 --> 00:25:52,117
- with predictions of an extra
- one billion cars worldwide
- 399
- 00:25:52,125 --> 00:25:53,615
- by 2040.
- 400
- 00:25:56,750 --> 00:25:58,706
- j I can lock all my doors... j&
- 401
- 00:25:58,708 --> 00:26:02,747
- a possible solution could be
- replacing car ownership
- 402
- 00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:05,332
- with on-demand
- driverless vehicles.
- 403
- 00:26:08,875 --> 00:26:12,367
- The same way that we
- went from owning DVDs or cds
- 404
- 00:26:12,375 --> 00:26:13,956
- or records or whatever,
- 405
- 00:26:13,958 --> 00:26:16,119
- to having all of those
- on demand -
- 406
- 00:26:16,125 --> 00:26:18,332
- essentially Netflix and so on -
- 407
- 00:26:18,333 --> 00:26:21,996
- the same thing is going to
- happen with transportation.
- 408
- 00:26:24,250 --> 00:26:26,366
- I wasn't sure I'd trust
- a driverless car
- 409
- 00:26:26,375 --> 00:26:28,206
- with my daughter,
- 410
- 00:26:28,208 --> 00:26:29,869
- so I subjected this prototype
- 411
- 00:26:29,875 --> 00:26:32,366
- to the surprise pedestrian test.
- 412
- 00:26:35,083 --> 00:26:36,948
- Ah! Yes!
- 413
- 00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:40,957
- Robots - 1, human - 0.
- 414
- 00:26:43,500 --> 00:26:46,116
- The next test was
- a little more challenging.
- 415
- 00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:48,615
- Traffic.
- 416
- 00:26:49,875 --> 00:26:51,365
- When I push this button,
- 417
- 00:26:51,375 --> 00:26:53,491
- this car will be driving itself.
- 418
- 00:26:53,500 --> 00:26:55,365
- And, um, wish me luck.
- 419
- 00:27:03,833 --> 00:27:05,118
- Right.
- 420
- 00:27:07,875 --> 00:27:11,447
- So, this is my first experience
- in a driverless vehicle,
- 421
- 00:27:11,458 --> 00:27:12,823
- and, uh...
- 422
- 00:27:14,458 --> 00:27:15,994
- I'm a little bit nervous
- 423
- 00:27:16,000 --> 00:27:17,991
- because that wheel
- is turning by itself.
- 424
- 00:27:19,500 --> 00:27:21,456
- Siri, please look after me.
- 425
- 00:27:22,833 --> 00:27:25,620
- So, yeah, you can see
- that's our car tracking there,
- 426
- 00:27:25,625 --> 00:27:28,492
- and the little lidar,
- the radar on top
- 427
- 00:27:28,500 --> 00:27:30,456
- is reading out
- all the information
- 428
- 00:27:30,458 --> 00:27:32,870
- I think, about 50m ahead of us
- 429
- 00:27:32,875 --> 00:27:36,743
- and scanning the area and
- determining what's around us,
- 430
- 00:27:36,750 --> 00:27:39,241
- what other obstacles,
- what it should look out for -
- 431
- 00:27:39,250 --> 00:27:42,617
- pedestrians, bike riders,
- other cars.
- 432
- 00:27:42,625 --> 00:27:44,991
- So it's constantly
- ahead of us, predicting.
- 433
- 00:27:46,375 --> 00:27:48,491
- Two things
- are going to happen.
- 434
- 00:27:48,500 --> 00:27:51,367
- We're all going to have
- a massive fleet of cars
- 435
- 00:27:51,375 --> 00:27:54,367
- that are going to pick you
- up at home, take you to work,
- 436
- 00:27:54,375 --> 00:27:56,331
- take you to the supermarket
- and so on,
- 437
- 00:27:56,333 --> 00:27:57,869
- and the other one -
- 438
- 00:27:57,875 --> 00:28:01,948
- even if you already own a car
- that you already paid off,
- 439
- 00:28:01,958 --> 00:28:05,621
- it's going to be four times
- more expensive
- 440
- 00:28:05,625 --> 00:28:07,866
- just to own that car
- 441
- 00:28:07,875 --> 00:28:10,617
- than it is to access
- transportation as a service,
- 442
- 00:28:10,625 --> 00:28:12,490
- so, autonomous
- electric vehicles.
- 443
- 00:28:16,583 --> 00:28:19,746
- I do like the freedom
- of my own car,
- 444
- 00:28:19,750 --> 00:28:21,615
- so the big question is
- 445
- 00:28:21,625 --> 00:28:23,866
- are enough of us
- willing to give that up
- 446
- 00:28:23,875 --> 00:28:26,332
- and embrace shared
- transportation?
- 447
- 00:28:28,000 --> 00:28:29,490
- One of the interesting
- challenges
- 448
- 00:28:29,500 --> 00:28:32,367
- about a future of vehicles
- that involves ridesharing,
- 449
- 00:28:32,375 --> 00:28:34,582
- is that we have all these ideas
- tied up with owning vehicles
- 450
- 00:28:34,583 --> 00:28:36,073
- that have very little to do with
- 451
- 00:28:36,083 --> 00:28:37,493
- getting us from
- point a to point b,
- 452
- 00:28:37,500 --> 00:28:40,207
- and all to do with what those
- things said about us.
- 453
- 00:28:40,208 --> 00:28:42,995
- So, you know, they became
- symbols of independence
- 454
- 00:28:43,000 --> 00:28:44,365
- and freedom.
- 455
- 00:28:44,375 --> 00:28:47,822
- They became symbols of class
- and wealth and capital.
- 456
- 00:28:47,833 --> 00:28:50,870
- Now, the reality is, of course,
- we haven't had cars forever.
- 457
- 00:28:50,875 --> 00:28:52,866
- And the notion of cars
- as status symbols
- 458
- 00:28:52,875 --> 00:28:54,365
- and signals of independence -
- 459
- 00:28:54,375 --> 00:28:56,331
- that's 60, 70 years old,
- at most,
- 460
- 00:28:56,333 --> 00:28:58,119
- and less than that
- in most places.
- 461
- 00:28:58,125 --> 00:29:02,118
- And so the idea that we
- can uncouple those things
- 462
- 00:29:02,125 --> 00:29:03,365
- isn't impossible.
- 463
- 00:29:03,375 --> 00:29:05,331
- And frankly, they only ever got
- coupled in the first place
- 464
- 00:29:05,333 --> 00:29:06,869
- because of advertising.
- 465
- 00:29:09,625 --> 00:29:13,368
- If we did embrace
- on-demand transport,
- 466
- 00:29:13,375 --> 00:29:17,118
- much like we now require
- fewer cds or DVDs...
- 467
- 00:29:19,125 --> 00:29:21,241
- We'd also require
- fewer vehicles...
- 468
- 00:29:24,083 --> 00:29:26,369
- And almost no parking space.
- 469
- 00:29:30,125 --> 00:29:34,494
- Two thirds of la
- is parking and roads.
- 470
- 00:29:35,583 --> 00:29:39,622
- You could fit three cities
- the size of San Francisco
- 471
- 00:29:39,625 --> 00:29:42,367
- in the empty parking space
- 472
- 00:29:42,375 --> 00:29:46,243
- left by the autonomous vehicle
- disruption.
- 473
- 00:29:47,333 --> 00:29:50,450
- And so, as a society,
- we need to make decisions.
- 474
- 00:29:50,458 --> 00:29:52,744
- What do we do
- with all that parking space
- 475
- 00:29:52,750 --> 00:29:54,615
- that's going to be vacant?
- 476
- 00:29:59,875 --> 00:30:03,242
- So, here's what 2040 could
- look like for my daughter
- 477
- 00:30:03,250 --> 00:30:06,083
- without an extra billion cars.
- 478
- 00:30:14,583 --> 00:30:16,869
- As you head off to your first
- school dance, velvet...
- 479
- 00:30:16,875 --> 00:30:18,957
- Family hug. Family hug.
- 480
- 00:30:18,958 --> 00:30:20,698
- It will be nice
- not having to worry
- 481
- 00:30:20,708 --> 00:30:22,448
- about your date's
- driving skills.
- 482
- 00:30:24,125 --> 00:30:28,994
- Look, dad! A ghost must be
- driving! Spooky!
- 483
- 00:30:33,125 --> 00:30:35,116
- I imagine your date
- to be very kind.
- 484
- 00:30:36,500 --> 00:30:38,081
- And very impotent.
- 485
- 00:30:41,583 --> 00:30:43,574
- All the cars that
- your mum and I ever owned
- 486
- 00:30:43,583 --> 00:30:45,244
- were stranded assets,
- 487
- 00:30:45,250 --> 00:30:49,368
- meaning that 96% of the time
- they were parked or unused.
- 488
- 00:30:49,375 --> 00:30:50,956
- But now, in 2040,
- 489
- 00:30:50,958 --> 00:30:54,246
- with driver costs gone
- and the rideshare explosion,
- 490
- 00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:56,957
- fewer people actually own cars.
- 491
- 00:30:56,958 --> 00:31:00,121
- They get around in
- luxurious pods like this
- 492
- 00:31:00,125 --> 00:31:01,990
- for next to nothing.
- 493
- 00:31:03,458 --> 00:31:06,825
- It's just inner cities that are
- likely to be driverless only.
- 494
- 00:31:07,875 --> 00:31:09,866
- And we could really
- fatten the doughnut
- 495
- 00:31:09,875 --> 00:31:11,957
- if vehicles were
- community-owned.
- 496
- 00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:18,865
- But I secretly hope, darling,
- 497
- 00:31:18,875 --> 00:31:21,742
- that rocket boots girl
- has achieved her ambition
- 498
- 00:31:21,750 --> 00:31:24,457
- of worldwide domination.
- 499
- 00:31:24,458 --> 00:31:26,369
- So, this is
- a huge disruption
- 500
- 00:31:26,375 --> 00:31:29,082
- of a massive part of
- the labour force.
- 501
- 00:31:29,083 --> 00:31:32,246
- Inevitably, there'll be
- debates around this technology.
- 502
- 00:31:33,500 --> 00:31:36,332
- But if enough of us
- embrace ridesharing,
- 503
- 00:31:36,333 --> 00:31:40,872
- we could reclaim our cities
- for humans instead of vehicles,
- 504
- 00:31:40,875 --> 00:31:43,491
- and generate
- millions of new jobs.
- 505
- 00:32:00,958 --> 00:32:02,949
- This is big vision.
- 506
- 00:32:02,958 --> 00:32:05,370
- We just need to have
- that vision now.
- 507
- 00:32:05,375 --> 00:32:07,616
- A lot of people want to be
- working on something
- 508
- 00:32:07,625 --> 00:32:09,616
- that they can see is actually
- helping to regenerate
- 509
- 00:32:09,625 --> 00:32:12,367
- and innovatively
- recreate the world.
- 510
- 00:32:16,250 --> 00:32:19,492
- The extra space in our
- cities could allow the building
- 511
- 00:32:19,500 --> 00:32:22,242
- of more low-cost
- sustainable homes.
- 512
- 00:32:25,625 --> 00:32:30,449
- And we could see the growth
- of remanufacturing industries,
- 513
- 00:32:30,458 --> 00:32:33,450
- which might convert
- existing vehicles to electric.
- 514
- 00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,117
- But most exciting could be
- the urban food farms
- 515
- 00:32:41,125 --> 00:32:43,241
- that spring up
- in empty parking lots.
- 516
- 00:32:46,125 --> 00:32:48,366
- Or inside disused car parks.
- 517
- 00:32:50,708 --> 00:32:54,246
- And imagine having fresh local
- food growing on our rooftops.
- 518
- 00:32:57,500 --> 00:33:01,493
- This would also contribute to
- a much healthier environment.
- 519
- 00:33:03,375 --> 00:33:05,741
- It's unbeatable to grow
- food in your own backyard.
- 520
- 00:33:05,750 --> 00:33:07,240
- It's unbeatable to grow food
- 521
- 00:33:07,250 --> 00:33:09,081
- all through and around
- your city.
- 522
- 00:33:09,083 --> 00:33:12,371
- It's unbeatable to grow
- food on your roof.
- 523
- 00:33:12,375 --> 00:33:17,449
- Those are the absolute
- gold standard of emissions.
- 524
- 00:33:21,125 --> 00:33:23,957
- One day you will be
- amazed by the distances
- 525
- 00:33:23,958 --> 00:33:25,869
- some of our food travelled.
- 526
- 00:33:28,333 --> 00:33:30,198
- Bring up data for 2016.
- 527
- 00:33:31,625 --> 00:33:36,073
- In 2016, the us was importing
- the same amount of beef
- 528
- 00:33:36,083 --> 00:33:37,698
- as it was exporting.
- 529
- 00:33:43,375 --> 00:33:46,492
- Fish caught in Norway was flown
- to China for filleting.
- 530
- 00:33:48,583 --> 00:33:50,824
- Then flown back to Norway
- to be sold.
- 531
- 00:33:53,125 --> 00:33:54,740
- What were you guys thinking?
- 532
- 00:33:55,750 --> 00:33:57,240
- Well, sometimes we weren't.
- 533
- 00:33:58,333 --> 00:33:59,994
- But how's this?
- 534
- 00:34:01,083 --> 00:34:03,620
- If we electrify
- our transport systems
- 535
- 00:34:03,625 --> 00:34:06,241
- and frankly, make them
- far more attractive...
- 536
- 00:34:07,500 --> 00:34:10,867
- A lot more fossil fuels
- will stay in the ground.
- 537
- 00:34:12,125 --> 00:34:13,615
- If nobody's going to buy
- 538
- 00:34:13,625 --> 00:34:15,741
- internal combustion engine
- petrol cars,
- 539
- 00:34:15,750 --> 00:34:17,866
- nobody's going to buy oil.
- 540
- 00:34:17,875 --> 00:34:22,744
- What we see is that oil demand
- is going to peak
- 541
- 00:34:22,750 --> 00:34:26,413
- and it's going to
- go down dramatically.
- 542
- 00:34:26,417 --> 00:34:28,157
- And it's never coming back.
- 543
- 00:34:30,417 --> 00:34:33,864
- This means areas like
- the tar sands oil fields
- 544
- 00:34:33,875 --> 00:34:36,787
- could be magnificently
- transformed.
- 545
- 00:34:46,417 --> 00:34:49,659
- If you do choose to
- live in a city, velvet,
- 546
- 00:34:49,667 --> 00:34:51,282
- I hope it's a bit like this.
- 547
- 00:34:54,875 --> 00:34:57,912
- A city where
- so many of the public parks,
- 548
- 00:34:57,917 --> 00:35:03,116
- urban food projects
- and cleaner transport networks,
- 549
- 00:35:03,125 --> 00:35:05,992
- all contribute to
- a healthier environment,
- 550
- 00:35:06,000 --> 00:35:08,412
- while fostering a greater sense
- of community..
- 551
- 00:35:10,042 --> 00:35:12,408
- And a hell of a lot less
- road rage.
- 552
- 00:35:21,625 --> 00:35:23,115
- But the bonus
- 553
- 00:35:23,125 --> 00:35:26,288
- is that you can now actually
- hear birds singing
- 554
- 00:35:26,292 --> 00:35:27,998
- in the middle of the city.
- 555
- 00:35:40,667 --> 00:35:43,534
- As wonderful as
- this future could be,
- 556
- 00:35:43,542 --> 00:35:46,909
- I was pretty gobsmacked
- to learn that vested interests
- 557
- 00:35:46,917 --> 00:35:49,909
- now spend almost
- $1 billion a year
- 558
- 00:35:49,917 --> 00:35:52,750
- preventing us from actually
- lowering our emissions.
- 559
- 00:35:56,417 --> 00:35:58,624
- So, the fossil fuel industry
- 560
- 00:35:58,625 --> 00:36:00,411
- have being doing
- a magnificent job
- 561
- 00:36:00,417 --> 00:36:02,874
- at copying the tobacco playbook
- 562
- 00:36:02,875 --> 00:36:06,288
- in creating doubt and confusion
- amongst the public.
- 563
- 00:36:06,292 --> 00:36:08,658
- And I've been following
- some of their key players,
- 564
- 00:36:08,667 --> 00:36:10,749
- their sneaky players, online,
- 565
- 00:36:10,750 --> 00:36:12,286
- just to try and learn
- and understand
- 566
- 00:36:12,292 --> 00:36:13,782
- some of the tactics.
- 567
- 00:36:13,792 --> 00:36:15,282
- So, one of the things they do
- 568
- 00:36:15,292 --> 00:36:16,782
- is that they create websites
- 569
- 00:36:16,792 --> 00:36:18,999
- that sound and look
- very Sincere,
- 570
- 00:36:19,000 --> 00:36:20,911
- but are full of misinformation.
- 571
- 00:36:20,917 --> 00:36:24,489
- You see here the innocent
- hummingbird, the leaf.
- 572
- 00:36:24,500 --> 00:36:26,161
- They'll also fund think tanks
- 573
- 00:36:26,167 --> 00:36:28,249
- that come up with really clever
- cultural memes
- 574
- 00:36:31,417 --> 00:36:33,533
- and these are things like,
- you know,
- 575
- 00:36:33,542 --> 00:36:35,248
- "climate science isn't settled",
- 576
- 00:36:35,250 --> 00:36:37,411
- which is ripped
- straight from tobacco.
- 577
- 00:36:37,417 --> 00:36:38,907
- Or "climate change
- is a religion".
- 578
- 00:36:38,917 --> 00:36:40,657
- That's another one.
- It's very evocative.
- 579
- 00:36:40,667 --> 00:36:43,499
- They'll also used fake bots
- or algorithms
- 580
- 00:36:43,500 --> 00:36:46,037
- that appear to be humans
- on social media,
- 581
- 00:36:46,042 --> 00:36:47,998
- and what this does
- is creates a sense
- 582
- 00:36:48,000 --> 00:36:50,912
- that they have more support
- than they actually do.
- 583
- 00:36:50,917 --> 00:36:54,364
- And this one's pretty key
- because companies like exxon
- 584
- 00:36:54,375 --> 00:36:56,912
- will often fund lots of
- different organisations
- 585
- 00:36:56,917 --> 00:36:58,407
- to make it look like
- 586
- 00:36:58,417 --> 00:37:00,282
- there's this wide consensus
- of climate denial,
- 587
- 00:37:00,292 --> 00:37:01,782
- whereas in actual fact,
- 588
- 00:37:01,792 --> 00:37:03,748
- all those different
- organisations
- 589
- 00:37:03,750 --> 00:37:06,287
- were funded by the same source.
- 590
- 00:37:09,917 --> 00:37:13,159
- These tactics have focused
- the conversation
- 591
- 00:37:13,167 --> 00:37:15,783
- primarily on our emissions,
- 592
- 00:37:15,792 --> 00:37:19,410
- while obscuring a crucial
- component of our dilemma.
- 593
- 00:37:21,625 --> 00:37:24,287
- If we ceased
- all emissions today,
- 594
- 00:37:24,292 --> 00:37:26,157
- if we cut emissions to zero,
- 595
- 00:37:26,167 --> 00:37:27,782
- human emissions to zero,
- 596
- 00:37:27,792 --> 00:37:29,373
- we would still be toast.
- 597
- 00:37:29,375 --> 00:37:31,741
- We're still already over
- a tipping point
- 598
- 00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:34,412
- and on our way
- to a point of no return.
- 599
- 00:37:34,417 --> 00:37:36,408
- So we have to reduce
- the emissions
- 600
- 00:37:36,417 --> 00:37:38,499
- that we're producing today,
- 601
- 00:37:38,500 --> 00:37:41,162
- and we also have to
- sequester carbon
- 602
- 00:37:41,167 --> 00:37:43,999
- and we have to remove excess
- carbon from the atmosphere
- 603
- 00:37:44,000 --> 00:37:45,490
- and store it.
- 604
- 00:37:50,917 --> 00:37:52,999
- With an increased sense
- of urgency,
- 605
- 00:37:53,000 --> 00:37:55,742
- I met with Paul hawken,
- 606
- 00:37:55,750 --> 00:37:58,036
- who thankfully
- isn't afraid of heights.
- 607
- 00:37:59,667 --> 00:38:02,739
- He's the founder of
- project drawdown -
- 608
- 00:38:02,750 --> 00:38:06,789
- the first comprehensive plan
- to reverse global warming.
- 609
- 00:38:08,417 --> 00:38:12,365
- If you look at the solutions
- that we model in drawdown,
- 610
- 00:38:12,375 --> 00:38:14,866
- they're virtually all
- regenerative development.
- 611
- 00:38:14,875 --> 00:38:17,537
- That is to say
- the earth is better off,
- 612
- 00:38:17,542 --> 00:38:20,158
- the people are better off,
- the communities are better off,
- 613
- 00:38:20,167 --> 00:38:22,032
- the creatures are better off,
- the birds are better off.
- 614
- 00:38:22,042 --> 00:38:24,749
- No matter what it is,
- they're better off for it
- 615
- 00:38:24,750 --> 00:38:26,411
- than had we not done it.
- 616
- 00:38:29,000 --> 00:38:32,868
- Paul suggested I first explore
- food and agriculture
- 617
- 00:38:32,875 --> 00:38:35,537
- for drawdown opportunities.
- 618
- 00:38:35,542 --> 00:38:38,784
- When you change agriculture
- practices related to food,
- 619
- 00:38:38,792 --> 00:38:40,282
- you can do two things.
- 620
- 00:38:40,292 --> 00:38:43,739
- One is you stop emitting
- carbon, co2,
- 621
- 00:38:43,750 --> 00:38:46,913
- but you're also
- sequestering carbon.
- 622
- 00:38:46,917 --> 00:38:49,283
- So it's one of those sectors...
- Yeah!
- 623
- 00:38:49,292 --> 00:38:51,499
- That actually does both -
- it's a twofer.
- 624
- 00:38:51,500 --> 00:38:53,491
- Which is... not only does it
- stop putting it up,
- 625
- 00:38:53,500 --> 00:38:54,990
- but it actually brings it down.
- 626
- 00:38:55,000 --> 00:38:57,616
- So you're flipping
- a whole sector.
- 627
- 00:38:59,167 --> 00:39:02,534
- Yeah, I think that people
- should be eating
- 628
- 00:39:02,542 --> 00:39:05,659
- more fruit and vegetable
- and less sweet stuff
- 629
- 00:39:05,667 --> 00:39:09,910
- and so that the sweet
- stuff should be, um...
- 630
- 00:39:09,917 --> 00:39:12,408
- Like, you should be rationed
- on sweet stuff.
- 631
- 00:39:12,417 --> 00:39:13,907
- When I grow up,
- 632
- 00:39:13,917 --> 00:39:17,785
- I want it to be national
- hot dog day every day.
- 633
- 00:39:17,792 --> 00:39:21,284
- I want to see more trees
- 634
- 00:39:21,292 --> 00:39:26,616
- and also want to see chocolate
- raining from the clouds.
- 635
- 00:39:28,292 --> 00:39:30,408
- Be more healthy.
- 636
- 00:39:30,417 --> 00:39:33,409
- That's all I really have to
- say about the food.
- 637
- 00:39:33,417 --> 00:39:36,784
- Like, I wanted not so much
- people eating meat
- 638
- 00:39:36,792 --> 00:39:38,407
- because that's animals.
- 639
- 00:39:38,417 --> 00:39:39,907
- But I do like bacon.
- 640
- 00:39:39,917 --> 00:39:41,373
- Bacon's nice.
- 641
- 00:39:42,542 --> 00:39:44,032
- But...
- 642
- 00:39:44,042 --> 00:39:47,739
- It still, like, pigs
- and I have a pig toy.
- 643
- 00:39:47,750 --> 00:39:50,913
- And when I eat bacon,
- I feel kind of sad.
- 644
- 00:40:02,750 --> 00:40:05,412
- Soil's almost
- an unknown universe
- 645
- 00:40:05,417 --> 00:40:09,285
- in that there's
- over 6 billion microorganisms
- 646
- 00:40:09,292 --> 00:40:11,123
- of huge diversity
- 647
- 00:40:11,125 --> 00:40:14,413
- in a small spoonful of soil,
- of healthy soil.
- 648
- 00:40:14,417 --> 00:40:16,533
- Which is really quite amazing.
- 649
- 00:40:16,542 --> 00:40:18,908
- Don't know who counted them,
- but someone did.
- 650
- 00:40:18,917 --> 00:40:21,408
- It's a tough job. Yeah.
- 651
- 00:40:25,667 --> 00:40:30,991
- I was in regional Victoria
- in Australia to meet col seis,
- 652
- 00:40:31,000 --> 00:40:33,412
- a champion of
- regenerative agriculture.
- 653
- 00:40:35,042 --> 00:40:37,909
- In 1979, we had a major
- bushfire at home.
- 654
- 00:40:37,917 --> 00:40:40,033
- Like... a wildfire.
- 655
- 00:40:40,042 --> 00:40:42,658
- And lost virtually
- all of our sheep,
- 656
- 00:40:42,667 --> 00:40:44,783
- which were 3,000 merino sheep.
- 657
- 00:40:44,792 --> 00:40:49,411
- I went from going ok
- to being broke overnight.
- 658
- 00:40:49,417 --> 00:40:50,907
- So I had to work out
- a way of doing it
- 659
- 00:40:50,917 --> 00:40:52,407
- without spending any money.
- 660
- 00:40:52,417 --> 00:40:55,284
- And I developed
- a different way of farming,
- 661
- 00:40:55,292 --> 00:40:59,409
- totally different,
- through 1980s and 1990s,
- 662
- 00:40:59,417 --> 00:41:02,159
- which turned out to
- regenerate the land.
- 663
- 00:41:02,167 --> 00:41:04,499
- Using a lot less
- chemicals and inputs
- 664
- 00:41:04,500 --> 00:41:06,161
- than is traditionally used.
- 665
- 00:41:06,167 --> 00:41:07,998
- That's right.
- And since I changed -
- 666
- 00:41:08,000 --> 00:41:09,410
- I actually did the figures
- on it -
- 667
- 00:41:09,417 --> 00:41:13,865
- I've saved over $2 million,
- since I changed.
- 668
- 00:41:13,875 --> 00:41:15,615
- I don't go where
- the $2 million went.
- 669
- 00:41:20,417 --> 00:41:23,374
- Col helps farmers around
- the world use plants
- 670
- 00:41:23,375 --> 00:41:25,661
- to pull carbon from
- the atmosphere
- 671
- 00:41:25,667 --> 00:41:27,157
- and put it into their soil...
- 672
- 00:41:28,792 --> 00:41:31,124
- Because our constant
- ploughing of the soil
- 673
- 00:41:31,125 --> 00:41:33,366
- has released billions of
- tonnes of the stuff.
- 674
- 00:41:35,417 --> 00:41:38,784
- Over the last
- 10,000 years of agriculture,
- 675
- 00:41:38,792 --> 00:41:40,373
- the degradation of soils
- 676
- 00:41:40,375 --> 00:41:44,368
- has been one of the leading
- causes of climate change.
- 677
- 00:41:44,375 --> 00:41:46,411
- It's actually, as of right now,
- 678
- 00:41:46,417 --> 00:41:48,373
- a larger cause of climate change
- 679
- 00:41:48,375 --> 00:41:50,286
- than burning fossil fuels.
- 680
- 00:41:54,792 --> 00:41:58,159
- I asked col to strike
- a farming calendar pose
- 681
- 00:41:58,167 --> 00:42:00,374
- to explain how he brings
- the carbon back home.
- 682
- 00:42:03,417 --> 00:42:06,784
- Plants use carbon dioxide
- and energy from the sun
- 683
- 00:42:06,792 --> 00:42:08,623
- to create simple sugars.
- 684
- 00:42:10,417 --> 00:42:12,999
- The plant uses
- some of these sugars to grow.
- 685
- 00:42:13,000 --> 00:42:15,912
- The rest is pumped into
- the soil, through the roots.
- 686
- 00:42:17,042 --> 00:42:19,624
- These sugars feed soil microbes,
- 687
- 00:42:19,625 --> 00:42:21,741
- which interact with the plant
- 688
- 00:42:21,750 --> 00:42:24,742
- and the carbon dioxide
- taken from the atmosphere
- 689
- 00:42:24,750 --> 00:42:27,617
- is sequestered into the soil
- as carbon.
- 690
- 00:42:34,792 --> 00:42:36,282
- - G'day!
- - Fraser.
- 691
- 00:42:36,292 --> 00:42:37,782
- - Hey, Damon.
- - Nice to meet you, mate.
- 692
- 00:42:37,792 --> 00:42:39,282
- - You too.
- - How you going?
- 693
- 00:42:39,292 --> 00:42:41,499
- - Very well. G'day. Col.
- - G'day.
- 694
- 00:42:44,042 --> 00:42:46,374
- We went to
- take the kids fishing
- 695
- 00:42:46,375 --> 00:42:49,492
- and we had to go and find worms
- on the farm
- 696
- 00:42:49,500 --> 00:42:52,992
- and Fraser was just going from
- paddock to paddock
- 697
- 00:42:53,000 --> 00:42:54,536
- trying to find worms.
- 698
- 00:42:54,542 --> 00:42:56,282
- - There wasn't any.
- - There was none.
- 699
- 00:42:56,292 --> 00:42:57,782
- And it ended up...
- 700
- 00:42:57,792 --> 00:42:59,657
- This fun experience
- ended up being not so fun
- 701
- 00:42:59,667 --> 00:43:01,157
- because there was
- so much frustration
- 702
- 00:43:01,167 --> 00:43:03,874
- about how come there weren't
- any worms and...
- 703
- 00:43:03,875 --> 00:43:05,615
- 'Cause healthy soil has worms.
- 704
- 00:43:07,375 --> 00:43:09,616
- We had everything
- going for our farm
- 705
- 00:43:09,625 --> 00:43:12,037
- and I didn't feel that
- it was getting the yields
- 706
- 00:43:12,042 --> 00:43:13,748
- and getting the results that,
- you know,
- 707
- 00:43:13,750 --> 00:43:15,411
- I thought were going
- to be there.
- 708
- 00:43:15,417 --> 00:43:18,784
- And I tried just throwing
- more fertiliser at it
- 709
- 00:43:18,792 --> 00:43:20,373
- and that didn't seem to work.
- 710
- 00:43:20,375 --> 00:43:22,036
- And so I just had
- all these questions
- 711
- 00:43:22,042 --> 00:43:25,910
- around what we were doing
- and why we were doing it.
- 712
- 00:43:28,625 --> 00:43:30,365
- So, what's going on here,
- fellas?
- 713
- 00:43:30,375 --> 00:43:33,867
- So, this is what we call
- a chemical summer fallow.
- 714
- 00:43:33,875 --> 00:43:34,910
- Yep.
- 715
- 00:43:34,917 --> 00:43:36,407
- Where we control
- the weeds
- 716
- 00:43:36,417 --> 00:43:37,873
- with a chemical over summer.
- 717
- 00:43:37,875 --> 00:43:39,365
- So, how does that
- affect the soil,
- 718
- 00:43:39,375 --> 00:43:41,286
- like, in terms of the...
- 719
- 00:43:41,292 --> 00:43:43,032
- This form of agriculture
- 720
- 00:43:43,042 --> 00:43:45,499
- really kills
- the whole soil ecosystem.
- 721
- 00:43:47,667 --> 00:43:49,908
- So, what are we
- looking at there, col?
- 722
- 00:43:49,917 --> 00:43:53,114
- That hard compaction,
- poor-structured soil
- 723
- 00:43:53,125 --> 00:43:55,912
- is really not good
- in agriculture.
- 724
- 00:43:55,917 --> 00:43:58,249
- Like, if you think about a plant
- 725
- 00:43:58,250 --> 00:44:01,788
- trying to get through that,
- it's almost impossible. Um...
- 726
- 00:44:01,792 --> 00:44:04,624
- The other thing too,
- water can't get in there.
- 727
- 00:44:04,625 --> 00:44:06,911
- To counteract
- these problems,
- 728
- 00:44:06,917 --> 00:44:10,910
- col's simple advice to Fraser
- was to start planting.
- 729
- 00:44:13,417 --> 00:44:14,907
- Ok, so what we've done here
- 730
- 00:44:14,917 --> 00:44:17,533
- is planted a mix of
- different species.
- 731
- 00:44:17,542 --> 00:44:19,032
- About 80 in total.
- 732
- 00:44:20,125 --> 00:44:23,288
- They all play a role
- in the soil health,
- 733
- 00:44:23,292 --> 00:44:25,032
- with their different roots
- 734
- 00:44:25,042 --> 00:44:27,499
- and their different
- root exudates.
- 735
- 00:44:27,500 --> 00:44:32,415
- So we've got the sunflower here
- and the sorghum.
- 736
- 00:44:32,417 --> 00:44:35,033
- - Um, millet.
- - Yeah, right.
- 737
- 00:44:35,042 --> 00:44:36,407
- Down here.
- 738
- 00:44:36,417 --> 00:44:38,749
- And all these together
- means with that variety,
- 739
- 00:44:38,750 --> 00:44:40,240
- it's making the soil...
- 740
- 00:44:40,250 --> 00:44:41,740
- It's pulling the carbon
- into the soil
- 741
- 00:44:41,750 --> 00:44:42,990
- and making it healthier.
- 742
- 00:44:43,000 --> 00:44:44,661
- That's right. Yeah. Exactly.
- 743
- 00:44:44,667 --> 00:44:46,532
- - Go, nature!
- - Yeah.
- 744
- 00:44:57,750 --> 00:45:01,288
- If we go back even
- a few thousand years,
- 745
- 00:45:01,292 --> 00:45:02,998
- all of the grasslands
- in the world
- 746
- 00:45:03,000 --> 00:45:06,538
- were dominated by large mobs of
- grazing animals.
- 747
- 00:45:09,042 --> 00:45:14,241
- And also, they were kept moving
- all the time by predators.
- 748
- 00:45:14,250 --> 00:45:16,036
- So the animals -
- in this case, cattle -
- 749
- 00:45:16,042 --> 00:45:18,499
- are never kept on
- the same area at one time.
- 750
- 00:45:20,667 --> 00:45:23,283
- By letting the cattle
- run amok in the crops,
- 751
- 00:45:23,292 --> 00:45:25,248
- good things happen.
- 752
- 00:45:26,292 --> 00:45:29,159
- They flatten the field,
- 753
- 00:45:29,167 --> 00:45:32,239
- they create a utopia
- for the local insects
- 754
- 00:45:32,250 --> 00:45:34,411
- which becomes
- a natural fertiliser,
- 755
- 00:45:34,417 --> 00:45:39,286
- and crucially, they are fed
- as nature intended.
- 756
- 00:45:42,417 --> 00:45:44,032
- Over the last
- 50 or 60 years,
- 757
- 00:45:44,042 --> 00:45:47,409
- we've removed animals
- like cattle and sheep
- 758
- 00:45:47,417 --> 00:45:49,408
- from eating their natural food
- 759
- 00:45:49,417 --> 00:45:52,124
- and put them in feedlots,
- eating grain.
- 760
- 00:45:52,125 --> 00:45:53,535
- And we should
- never have done that
- 761
- 00:45:53,542 --> 00:45:55,624
- because they have never
- evolved to eat grain.
- 762
- 00:45:57,042 --> 00:45:59,909
- So what happens is that
- the cattle are basically sick.
- 763
- 00:46:01,000 --> 00:46:04,367
- And we are finding out now
- that the meat from feedlots
- 764
- 00:46:04,375 --> 00:46:05,911
- is not healthy for us.
- 765
- 00:46:05,917 --> 00:46:08,283
- It's certainly not healthy
- for the animals.
- 766
- 00:46:08,292 --> 00:46:11,284
- And it's something that
- we should never have done.
- 767
- 00:46:14,667 --> 00:46:16,749
- Any discussion
- around livestock
- 768
- 00:46:16,750 --> 00:46:19,162
- has to include methane,
- 769
- 00:46:19,167 --> 00:46:22,409
- which is another damaging
- greenhouse gas,
- 770
- 00:46:22,417 --> 00:46:25,614
- quite rudely burped out
- by the cows.
- 771
- 00:46:31,917 --> 00:46:35,284
- While some livestock practices
- offset that damage,
- 772
- 00:46:35,292 --> 00:46:38,124
- the bad news for the hot dog kid
- 773
- 00:46:38,125 --> 00:46:41,162
- is that we need to embrace
- a more plant-rich diet.
- 774
- 00:46:42,625 --> 00:46:44,035
- And the meat we do eat
- 775
- 00:46:44,042 --> 00:46:46,909
- should ideally come from
- regenerative practices
- 776
- 00:46:46,917 --> 00:46:48,407
- like Fraser's.
- 777
- 00:46:49,792 --> 00:46:52,249
- Plant-rich diet means that
- we actually reduce
- 778
- 00:46:52,250 --> 00:46:56,744
- the amount of protein that
- we eat in wealthier nations,
- 779
- 00:46:56,750 --> 00:46:58,286
- because it's too high.
- 780
- 00:46:58,292 --> 00:47:00,658
- It's 100-110g per day.
- 781
- 00:47:00,667 --> 00:47:04,740
- What we model is
- decreasing that to 50-60 g.
- 782
- 00:47:06,000 --> 00:47:08,241
- The fact is, some people
- want to eat meat.
- 783
- 00:47:08,250 --> 00:47:11,037
- What meat they eat
- is critically important.
- 784
- 00:47:11,042 --> 00:47:13,749
- How it's produced,
- how it relates to the land
- 785
- 00:47:13,750 --> 00:47:15,911
- are very, very important.
- 786
- 00:47:23,417 --> 00:47:27,160
- But as our climate becomes
- increasingly volatile,
- 787
- 00:47:27,167 --> 00:47:30,614
- this type of farming has
- one more crucial advantage.
- 788
- 00:47:32,375 --> 00:47:36,994
- For every 1% increase in carbon
- to 30cm,
- 789
- 00:47:37,000 --> 00:47:40,413
- we increase the water holding
- capacity of soil
- 790
- 00:47:40,417 --> 00:47:43,614
- by 166,000 litres per hectare.
- 791
- 00:47:43,625 --> 00:47:45,035
- On every rainfall event.
- 792
- 00:47:48,417 --> 00:47:50,908
- When it rains,
- the soil on the left,
- 793
- 00:47:50,917 --> 00:47:53,784
- with more carbon
- and organic matter,
- 794
- 00:47:53,792 --> 00:47:57,034
- absorbs the water
- and less runs off the top.
- 795
- 00:47:58,792 --> 00:48:01,283
- Whereas the chemical-ridden
- soil on the right
- 796
- 00:48:01,292 --> 00:48:06,286
- absorbs almost no water,
- and allows it to run off,
- 797
- 00:48:06,292 --> 00:48:08,283
- taking the chemicals with it
- 798
- 00:48:08,292 --> 00:48:10,658
- into nearby rivers
- and waterways.
- 799
- 00:48:13,500 --> 00:48:15,286
- That's the way we can
- buffer against droughts
- 800
- 00:48:15,292 --> 00:48:16,782
- and dry seasons.
- 801
- 00:48:16,792 --> 00:48:18,282
- Grasslands,
- all around the world,
- 802
- 00:48:18,292 --> 00:48:20,999
- they virtually had a built-in
- irrigation system.
- 803
- 00:48:22,417 --> 00:48:25,033
- Really can see
- the aggregation that's going on
- 804
- 00:48:25,042 --> 00:48:26,532
- from all these roots
- 805
- 00:48:26,542 --> 00:48:28,783
- of all the different plants
- we've been growing in here.
- 806
- 00:48:28,792 --> 00:48:30,874
- So what we've got going here
- with this clod
- 807
- 00:48:30,875 --> 00:48:33,036
- is basically a dry paddock
- 808
- 00:48:33,042 --> 00:48:36,785
- with, um, not much growing
- in it, apart from a few weeds.
- 809
- 00:48:36,792 --> 00:48:38,498
- And here, three months ago,
- 810
- 00:48:38,500 --> 00:48:43,244
- we planted the multi-species
- grazing crop, yeah.
- 811
- 00:48:44,417 --> 00:48:46,499
- So that's in three
- months that's happened?
- 812
- 00:48:46,500 --> 00:48:48,661
- That's in three-months.
- It's incredible, isn't it?
- 813
- 00:48:48,667 --> 00:48:51,659
- That kind of represents big ag,
- 814
- 00:48:51,667 --> 00:48:54,158
- and this represents
- mother nature.
- 815
- 00:48:54,167 --> 00:48:56,533
- And it's pretty obvious
- who I'd rather
- 816
- 00:48:56,542 --> 00:48:58,658
- get my source of vegetables
- from.
- 817
- 00:48:58,667 --> 00:49:01,909
- Well, when we talk
- about trying to work out
- 818
- 00:49:01,917 --> 00:49:04,784
- some of the global problems
- and trying to do it quickly,
- 819
- 00:49:04,792 --> 00:49:07,499
- well, you can really see the
- speed that it can happen here.
- 820
- 00:49:07,500 --> 00:49:08,910
- I mean, look at all these roots.
- 821
- 00:49:08,917 --> 00:49:11,374
- Like, that's all carbon pumped,
- isn't it?
- 822
- 00:49:11,375 --> 00:49:15,163
- It is. It really shows that
- plants, plants and more plants.
- 823
- 00:49:15,167 --> 00:49:18,034
- In other words,
- plant diversity, um,
- 824
- 00:49:18,042 --> 00:49:19,907
- plus grazing animals
- 825
- 00:49:19,917 --> 00:49:22,408
- will create that
- and fix our problems.
- 826
- 00:49:24,292 --> 00:49:28,160
- People ask me, "well,
- what can we say to farmers?"
- 827
- 00:49:28,167 --> 00:49:30,783
- And the answer is,
- "we can't do without you."
- 828
- 00:49:30,792 --> 00:49:33,624
- We can't mitigate climate
- change without agriculture,
- 829
- 00:49:33,625 --> 00:49:35,536
- so we have to find ways,
- 830
- 00:49:39,042 --> 00:49:40,998
- instead of part of the problem.
- 831
- 00:49:44,042 --> 00:49:45,998
- Fraser will now
- let his multi-species crop
- 832
- 00:49:46,000 --> 00:49:47,661
- break down.
- 833
- 00:49:49,667 --> 00:49:52,158
- He can then plant
- his commercial crops here
- 834
- 00:49:52,167 --> 00:49:55,159
- without having to break
- the soil and release carbon.
- 835
- 00:49:56,917 --> 00:49:59,158
- But perhaps most importantly,
- 836
- 00:49:59,167 --> 00:50:01,533
- he can now
- take the kids fishing.
- 837
- 00:50:12,917 --> 00:50:15,784
- So, I just bake it for
- 20 to 30 minutes?
- 838
- 00:50:15,792 --> 00:50:17,748
- Yes, that's it. You've got it.
- 839
- 00:50:17,750 --> 00:50:19,240
- And then, once it's done,
- 840
- 00:50:19,250 --> 00:50:21,366
- you just sprinkle the Greens
- on the top and that's it.
- 841
- 00:50:21,375 --> 00:50:22,615
- Beautiful.
- 842
- 00:50:22,625 --> 00:50:24,911
- - Thanks, nan. Love you.
- - Ok. Bye, darl.
- 843
- 00:50:24,917 --> 00:50:26,282
- Bye!
- 844
- 00:50:26,292 --> 00:50:29,124
- By 2040, my hope, velvet,
- 845
- 00:50:29,125 --> 00:50:31,411
- is that more people
- will have an understanding
- 846
- 00:50:31,417 --> 00:50:34,784
- of how the foods they eat
- impact our environment.
- 847
- 00:50:37,125 --> 00:50:39,116
- If this transpires,
- 848
- 00:50:39,125 --> 00:50:41,787
- your generation are likely
- to eat a lot less meat
- 849
- 00:50:41,792 --> 00:50:43,282
- than mine did.
- 850
- 00:50:46,250 --> 00:50:48,036
- There's no doubt
- we'll continue our obsession
- 851
- 00:50:48,042 --> 00:50:49,407
- with fad diets.
- 852
- 00:50:49,417 --> 00:50:52,159
- We find it's the flavour-free
- diet that's the way to go
- 853
- 00:50:52,167 --> 00:50:53,623
- because let's face it -
- 854
- 00:50:53,625 --> 00:50:55,115
- it's the flavour
- that gets us into trouble.
- 855
- 00:50:55,125 --> 00:50:56,911
- Isn't that right?
- 856
- 00:50:56,917 --> 00:50:58,908
- I'll just love
- tending our garden.
- 857
- 00:50:59,917 --> 00:51:01,407
- From an app.
- 858
- 00:51:02,917 --> 00:51:05,499
- And your mum and I will
- completely understand
- 859
- 00:51:05,500 --> 00:51:07,786
- when you start avoiding
- dinner at our house.
- 860
- 00:51:13,042 --> 00:51:15,283
- With less global
- consumption of meat,
- 861
- 00:51:15,292 --> 00:51:18,284
- aided by some pretty convincing
- substitutes...
- 862
- 00:51:21,250 --> 00:51:23,992
- We could see many feedlots
- close down.
- 863
- 00:51:26,542 --> 00:51:29,158
- And animals returned to the land
- 864
- 00:51:29,167 --> 00:51:31,158
- for use in regenerative farming.
- 865
- 00:51:36,042 --> 00:51:38,283
- But just imagine
- what we could do
- 866
- 00:51:40,917 --> 00:51:44,159
- that is currently being used
- to grow food for animals.
- 867
- 00:51:48,500 --> 00:51:50,286
- This land could transition
- 868
- 00:51:50,292 --> 00:51:53,249
- to a range of
- regenerative practices
- 869
- 00:51:53,250 --> 00:51:57,664
- that drawdown vast amounts
- of carbon into the soil,
- 870
- 00:51:57,667 --> 00:52:00,158
- while retaining precious water
- 871
- 00:52:00,167 --> 00:52:02,658
- and producing
- nutrient-dense food.
- 872
- 00:52:08,125 --> 00:52:13,119
- Instead of soy or grains, we
- could feed the animals grass,
- 873
- 00:52:13,125 --> 00:52:16,913
- crop residue, or food waste.
- 874
- 00:52:17,917 --> 00:52:20,408
- This would improve
- the health of the animals,
- 875
- 00:52:20,417 --> 00:52:23,784
- the people who choose to
- eat them
- 876
- 00:52:23,792 --> 00:52:25,657
- and our environment.
- 877
- 00:52:32,000 --> 00:52:34,742
- The steep croplands
- around the world, darling,
- 878
- 00:52:34,750 --> 00:52:36,615
- could be used to grow foods
- 879
- 00:52:36,625 --> 00:52:39,367
- that also draw down huge
- amounts of carbon.
- 880
- 00:52:41,500 --> 00:52:44,913
- A practice called agroforestry
- does this
- 881
- 00:52:44,917 --> 00:52:47,784
- by simultaneously growing foods
- like pawpaw,
- 882
- 00:52:47,792 --> 00:52:52,286
- bananas, coffee, avocados
- or vegetables,
- 883
- 00:52:52,292 --> 00:52:55,784
- but crucially,
- on small parcels of land.
- 884
- 00:52:58,417 --> 00:53:01,784
- With highly diversified
- local food systems,
- 885
- 00:53:01,792 --> 00:53:06,991
- you have a way of really
- dramatically decreasing
- 886
- 00:53:07,000 --> 00:53:11,790
- the scale of land, water,
- energy needed,
- 887
- 00:53:11,792 --> 00:53:13,748
- and massively increasing
- 888
- 00:53:13,750 --> 00:53:15,661
- how much you can get
- from that land.
- 889
- 00:53:22,667 --> 00:53:25,158
- Industrial ag says,
- "without us, you're not...
- 890
- 00:53:25,167 --> 00:53:26,907
- "You're going to starve.
- You're not going to eat.â€Â
- 891
- 00:53:26,917 --> 00:53:29,784
- Well, actually between 70% and
- 80% of the food in the world
- 892
- 00:53:29,792 --> 00:53:31,657
- is created by small holders.
- 893
- 00:53:35,792 --> 00:53:40,365
- Industrial ag provides
- 20% of the food in the world.
- 894
- 00:53:40,375 --> 00:53:44,539
- Most of that is corn
- and soy fed to animals.
- 895
- 00:53:44,542 --> 00:53:47,409
- A lot of that is sugar,
- which we don't need.
- 896
- 00:53:48,667 --> 00:53:52,034
- So the idea that big ag
- is going to save us,
- 897
- 00:53:52,042 --> 00:53:54,784
- or without which we cannot exist
- 898
- 00:53:54,792 --> 00:53:56,532
- is absolutely upside down
- and backwards,
- 899
- 00:53:56,542 --> 00:53:58,282
- because they produce sickness,
- 900
- 00:53:58,292 --> 00:54:00,658
- they produce obesity,
- they produce diabetes.
- 901
- 00:54:00,667 --> 00:54:02,282
- That's what big ag is producing.
- 902
- 00:54:05,417 --> 00:54:06,998
- I hope one day, velvet,
- 903
- 00:54:07,000 --> 00:54:10,413
- you get to read the story of
- how we reached this future.
- 904
- 00:54:13,625 --> 00:54:15,616
- It's about how those
- who polluted our air
- 905
- 00:54:15,625 --> 00:54:19,161
- with excess carbon
- had to pay a penalty.
- 906
- 00:54:20,750 --> 00:54:22,240
- And the money raised
- 907
- 00:54:22,250 --> 00:54:25,037
- paid farmers to clean our air
- 908
- 00:54:25,042 --> 00:54:26,657
- by putting it back
- into the soil.
- 909
- 00:54:30,375 --> 00:54:32,161
- This helped restore
- the climate...
- 910
- 00:54:33,917 --> 00:54:35,623
- Biodiversity loss...
- 911
- 00:54:36,917 --> 00:54:38,407
- And land conversion...
- 912
- 00:54:39,417 --> 00:54:41,874
- While pulling more people
- into the doughnut
- 913
- 00:54:41,875 --> 00:54:44,787
- by saving precious water,
- 914
- 00:54:44,792 --> 00:54:47,909
- improving the quality
- of our food,
- 915
- 00:54:47,917 --> 00:54:51,114
- and in turn
- improving our health.
- 916
- 00:55:04,417 --> 00:55:05,998
- It's interesting,
- making this film,
- 917
- 00:55:06,000 --> 00:55:07,911
- the more that
- I'm learning about...
- 918
- 00:55:09,417 --> 00:55:12,659
- You realise how hard it is
- to actually do the right thing.
- 919
- 00:55:12,667 --> 00:55:16,615
- And in a sense, it's tempting
- to kind of just shut down
- 920
- 00:55:16,625 --> 00:55:18,115
- and switch off
- 921
- 00:55:18,125 --> 00:55:20,411
- because, I mean, here I am
- sitting on an aeroplane
- 922
- 00:55:20,417 --> 00:55:23,659
- that is spewing out
- half a tonne of carbon,
- 923
- 00:55:23,667 --> 00:55:25,282
- making this film,
- 924
- 00:55:25,292 --> 00:55:27,157
- or getting water in this cup
- 925
- 00:55:27,167 --> 00:55:28,907
- that's probably going to go
- straight into the ocean
- 926
- 00:55:28,917 --> 00:55:30,623
- and hurt a baby turtle,
- 927
- 00:55:30,625 --> 00:55:32,616
- and I don't want to know that.
- 928
- 00:55:32,625 --> 00:55:34,115
- And most people don't want to
- know about that,
- 929
- 00:55:34,125 --> 00:55:35,615
- so they switch off.
- 930
- 00:55:35,625 --> 00:55:39,288
- And you can't help but be
- a hypocrite at the moment
- 931
- 00:55:39,292 --> 00:55:43,285
- because our entire system is
- built on and by fossil fuels.
- 932
- 00:55:44,375 --> 00:55:45,865
- Fossil fuels have done us
- really well
- 933
- 00:55:45,875 --> 00:55:47,240
- to get to this point.
- 934
- 00:55:47,250 --> 00:55:48,740
- There's some great
- things in the world.
- 935
- 00:55:48,750 --> 00:55:50,240
- But we can't keep doing
- what we're doing.
- 936
- 00:55:50,250 --> 00:55:51,615
- It's actually impossible
- 937
- 00:55:51,625 --> 00:55:53,741
- to maintain the resources
- we're using.
- 938
- 00:55:53,750 --> 00:55:55,741
- So we're going to
- have to transition,
- 939
- 00:55:55,750 --> 00:55:57,240
- and it's going to be
- a little bit awkward,
- 940
- 00:55:57,250 --> 00:55:59,241
- if we're going to give
- our kids a better future.
- 941
- 00:56:15,417 --> 00:56:17,282
- j to the place on the map
- 942
- 00:56:17,292 --> 00:56:20,659
- j from which no-one
- has ever returned... j
- 943
- 00:56:21,917 --> 00:56:24,249
- While storing carbon
- in our soil
- 944
- 00:56:24,250 --> 00:56:27,663
- will go a long way
- to solving our problem,
- 945
- 00:56:27,667 --> 00:56:31,239
- there is a limit to how much
- carbon soil can hold.
- 946
- 00:56:32,375 --> 00:56:35,242
- So we're going to need another
- leg-up from mother nature.
- 947
- 00:56:37,500 --> 00:56:39,912
- Make sure coral looks ok
- 948
- 00:56:39,917 --> 00:56:42,909
- 'cause it normally looks like
- a rainbow in the sea
- 949
- 00:56:42,917 --> 00:56:45,374
- with all the fishes,
- 950
- 00:56:45,375 --> 00:56:47,616
- but sometimes if you litter,
- 951
- 00:56:47,625 --> 00:56:50,367
- it looks a bit not good.
- 952
- 00:56:50,375 --> 00:56:55,415
- It looks like... a big, big
- mess.
- 953
- 00:56:56,625 --> 00:56:58,911
- At the beach,
- it would just not be the same
- 954
- 00:56:58,917 --> 00:57:00,908
- if you can't swim in the water.
- 955
- 00:57:00,917 --> 00:57:03,909
- And also all the really amazing
- marine animals
- 956
- 00:57:03,917 --> 00:57:06,784
- like vaquita, whales, sea fish -
- 957
- 00:57:06,792 --> 00:57:09,909
- if they were all gone, then
- it just wouldn't be the same,
- 958
- 00:57:09,917 --> 00:57:11,157
- the world.
- 959
- 00:57:11,167 --> 00:57:14,739
- I want the oceans to be cleaner.
- 960
- 00:57:18,167 --> 00:57:19,657
- One of the coming
- attractions
- 961
- 00:57:19,667 --> 00:57:21,908
- that I think is gonna to have
- the biggest impact
- 962
- 00:57:21,917 --> 00:57:25,660
- is what is called
- marine permaculture.
- 963
- 00:57:25,667 --> 00:57:28,124
- It's just another way of
- farming in the ocean,
- 964
- 00:57:28,125 --> 00:57:30,616
- but this is a more wild farming
- 965
- 00:57:30,625 --> 00:57:32,786
- because it actually
- sets up the context
- 966
- 00:57:32,792 --> 00:57:35,750
- for the oceans to
- regenerate themselves.
- 967
- 00:57:45,292 --> 00:57:47,999
- Dr Brian Von herzen,
- a physicist,
- 968
- 00:57:48,000 --> 00:57:49,490
- used to fly to Europe every year
- 969
- 00:57:49,500 --> 00:57:53,243
- and he saw how quickly the
- Greenland ice sheet was melting
- 970
- 00:57:53,250 --> 00:57:55,912
- and decided to change
- his whole life in 2006
- 971
- 00:57:55,917 --> 00:57:57,407
- to restoring living systems,
- 972
- 00:57:57,417 --> 00:57:58,907
- and focused on the ocean.
- 973
- 00:58:03,167 --> 00:58:05,533
- Brian told me
- to pack a lunch...
- 974
- 00:58:05,542 --> 00:58:07,498
- And a sick bag,
- 975
- 00:58:07,500 --> 00:58:10,037
- as we were spending the day
- out at sea.
- 976
- 00:58:16,625 --> 00:58:18,536
- With 93% of global warming
- 977
- 00:58:18,542 --> 00:58:20,533
- going into the ocean today
- each year,
- 978
- 00:58:20,542 --> 00:58:23,499
- the problem is that
- the waters are getting too warm
- 979
- 00:58:23,500 --> 00:58:25,912
- and without enough
- overturning circulation,
- 980
- 00:58:25,917 --> 00:58:27,498
- and there aren't enough
- nutrients,
- 981
- 00:58:27,500 --> 00:58:30,412
- and the result is
- we lose the life in the ocean.
- 982
- 00:58:32,125 --> 00:58:34,912
- Understandably,
- there has been reluctance
- 983
- 00:58:34,917 --> 00:58:36,657
- to meddle with our oceans.
- 984
- 00:58:37,917 --> 00:58:39,657
- But the fact that they
- are getting warmer,
- 985
- 00:58:39,667 --> 00:58:41,749
- becoming acidic,
- 986
- 00:58:41,750 --> 00:58:45,288
- and many fish species are now
- in danger of collapse...
- 987
- 00:58:47,125 --> 00:58:49,286
- Means that they
- actually need our help.
- 988
- 00:58:52,417 --> 00:58:55,033
- Brian's solution is seaweed.
- 989
- 00:58:56,917 --> 00:58:59,408
- So what we do
- with marine permaculture
- 990
- 00:58:59,417 --> 00:59:02,614
- is we restore
- overturning circulation.
- 991
- 00:59:02,625 --> 00:59:05,742
- It's as if your leg was asleep
- and you lost circulation.
- 992
- 00:59:05,750 --> 00:59:07,411
- We have to do that
- with the ocean.
- 993
- 00:59:07,417 --> 00:59:09,908
- We've gotta get that
- overturning circulation
- 994
- 00:59:09,917 --> 00:59:10,906
- going again
- 995
- 00:59:10,917 --> 00:59:13,874
- to bring the cool waters up
- with the higher nutrient levels
- 996
- 00:59:13,875 --> 00:59:17,163
- that can actually restore
- conditions for the seaweeds.
- 997
- 00:59:18,917 --> 00:59:20,908
- Between Australia
- and the United States,
- 998
- 00:59:20,917 --> 00:59:24,535
- there's 100,000,000 km?
- Of ocean desert
- 999
- 00:59:24,542 --> 00:59:27,409
- that is amenable to
- marine permaculture.
- 1000
- 00:59:28,500 --> 00:59:31,788
- We can actually restore life
- in subtropical oceans,
- 1001
- 00:59:31,792 --> 00:59:35,785
- restore the fish habitat that's
- needed to restore fisheries.
- 1002
- 00:59:38,000 --> 00:59:41,618
- Marine permaculture
- is a regenerative technology
- 1003
- 00:59:41,625 --> 00:59:43,115
- that works like this.
- 1004
- 00:59:44,375 --> 00:59:46,991
- A frame made of
- recycled material
- 1005
- 00:59:47,000 --> 00:59:49,992
- becomes a platform for
- the seaweed to grow on.
- 1006
- 00:59:50,000 --> 00:59:52,241
- It sits just below the surface
- 1007
- 00:59:52,250 --> 00:59:55,742
- and sinks lower as the
- seaweed grows and gets heavier.
- 1008
- 00:59:58,125 --> 01:00:01,663
- A pump powered simply by
- the rise and fall of the ocean,
- 1009
- 01:00:01,667 --> 01:00:04,784
- brings the cold, nutrient-laden
- waters from below
- 1010
- 01:00:04,792 --> 01:00:07,374
- and disperses them
- over the seaweed
- 1011
- 01:00:07,375 --> 01:00:09,536
- in the upper warmer layer.
- 1012
- 01:00:09,542 --> 01:00:11,908
- The seaweed can be
- regularly harvested
- 1013
- 01:00:11,917 --> 01:00:13,999
- and used for a range
- of purposes.
- 1014
- 01:00:15,375 --> 01:00:19,288
- Seaweed is good for food,
- animal feed, fertiliser,
- 1015
- 01:00:19,292 --> 01:00:20,873
- fibre and biofuel.
- 1016
- 01:00:20,875 --> 01:00:22,911
- There's so much we can do
- with seaweeds.
- 1017
- 01:00:30,542 --> 01:00:36,162
- So, we're cruising along in
- this very low-carbon vessel,
- 1018
- 01:00:36,167 --> 01:00:37,907
- following Brian,
- 1019
- 01:00:37,917 --> 01:00:40,408
- who's swum down
- to get the seaweed
- 1020
- 01:00:40,417 --> 01:00:42,783
- in one of his testing sites
- here.
- 1021
- 01:00:47,667 --> 01:00:49,248
- Except he's gone,
- 1022
- 01:00:49,250 --> 01:00:52,492
- and he's been underwater for
- about two minutes and, um...
- 1023
- 01:00:52,500 --> 01:00:53,785
- Brian!
- 1024
- 01:00:55,792 --> 01:00:57,657
- Brian?!
- 1025
- 01:00:57,667 --> 01:00:59,498
- - I found it.
- - You found it.
- 1026
- 01:00:59,500 --> 01:01:01,365
- - Yeah.
- - Alright, we'll come to you.
- 1027
- 01:01:03,042 --> 01:01:04,532
- The permaculture tests
- 1028
- 01:01:04,542 --> 01:01:08,034
- that Brian and his team have
- conducted in the south pacific
- 1029
- 01:01:08,042 --> 01:01:10,624
- have seen marine life return,
- 1030
- 01:01:10,625 --> 01:01:14,368
- and the seaweed transform the
- quality of the water itself.
- 1031
- 01:01:17,500 --> 01:01:19,786
- Seaweeds actually
- draw down
- 1032
- 01:01:19,792 --> 01:01:22,499
- carbon dioxide
- from the ocean waters.
- 1033
- 01:01:23,875 --> 01:01:26,491
- And they restore the alkalinity
- of the ocean.
- 1034
- 01:01:27,792 --> 01:01:31,535
- That enables shellfish
- and other creatures to thrive.
- 1035
- 01:01:35,542 --> 01:01:38,284
- Damon, I thought we'd try
- some seaweed salad today.
- 1036
- 01:01:38,292 --> 01:01:39,782
- Oh.
- 1037
- 01:01:42,792 --> 01:01:44,623
- Well, the little bursts of gas
- are good.
- 1038
- 01:01:44,625 --> 01:01:46,115
- Yeah. Like little poppers.
- 1039
- 01:01:49,167 --> 01:01:51,158
- Ok. That's actually pretty good.
- 1040
- 01:01:51,167 --> 01:01:52,748
- Seaweed salad.
- 1041
- 01:01:52,750 --> 01:01:55,287
- So, what kind of... we're
- getting omega 3s in here.
- 1042
- 01:01:55,292 --> 01:01:56,532
- - What kind of...
- - Oh, yeah.
- 1043
- 01:01:56,542 --> 01:01:57,873
- What's our source?
- 1044
- 01:01:57,875 --> 01:02:00,662
- Epa, dha, antioxidants,
- phytonutrients,
- 1045
- 01:02:00,667 --> 01:02:02,282
- omega nutrients.
- 1046
- 01:02:03,625 --> 01:02:08,369
- But this humble weed has
- one more heroic trait to offer.
- 1047
- 01:02:09,542 --> 01:02:13,034
- It could play a profound role
- in drawing down carbon.
- 1048
- 01:02:14,250 --> 01:02:16,161
- Well, this is an example
- of brown seaweed.
- 1049
- 01:02:16,167 --> 01:02:20,285
- The fastest brown seaweeds
- will grow half a metre per day.
- 1050
- 01:02:20,292 --> 01:02:22,533
- Hang on. Half a metre a day?
- 1051
- 01:02:22,542 --> 01:02:24,032
- Half a metre a day.
- 1052
- 01:02:24,042 --> 01:02:25,907
- And they'll grow over 50m long.
- 1053
- 01:02:25,917 --> 01:02:28,408
- Is that one of the fastest
- growing plants in the world?
- 1054
- 01:02:28,417 --> 01:02:31,284
- It is the fastest-growing
- tree on the planet.
- 1055
- 01:02:31,292 --> 01:02:33,533
- Wow. Ok. So that's why
- the understanding of...
- 1056
- 01:02:33,542 --> 01:02:35,624
- That it's going to be pulling
- carbon out of the atmosphere
- 1057
- 01:02:35,625 --> 01:02:37,616
- very quickly,
- because it grows so fast.
- 1058
- 01:02:37,625 --> 01:02:41,994
- Thousands of tonnes of carbon
- per square kilometre per year.
- 1059
- 01:02:43,417 --> 01:02:44,782
- Wow. Ok.
- 1060
- 01:02:46,042 --> 01:02:47,873
- Win! It's not a weed at all.
- 1061
- 01:02:47,875 --> 01:02:50,912
- It's food,
- it's habitat for fish,
- 1062
- 01:02:50,917 --> 01:02:52,999
- it gives back to
- the fish ecosystems,
- 1063
- 01:02:53,000 --> 01:02:54,490
- and we balance carbon.
- 1064
- 01:02:54,500 --> 01:02:56,036
- We measure the carbon export.
- 1065
- 01:02:58,792 --> 01:03:01,624
- The testing of large-scale
- marine permaculture
- 1066
- 01:03:01,625 --> 01:03:03,035
- is yet to be done.
- 1067
- 01:03:04,500 --> 01:03:06,491
- But the stakes
- couldn't be any higher
- 1068
- 01:03:06,500 --> 01:03:07,990
- for getting them underway.
- 1069
- 01:03:09,792 --> 01:03:15,287
- This is all about restoring the
- foundation of our civilisation,
- 1070
- 01:03:15,292 --> 01:03:17,624
- because with climate disruption,
- 1071
- 01:03:17,625 --> 01:03:20,287
- we'll deplete the soils,
- we'll deplete the oceans.
- 1072
- 01:03:20,292 --> 01:03:22,408
- There will be
- no civilisation left
- 1073
- 01:03:22,417 --> 01:03:26,035
- because any time
- you lose that foundation
- 1074
- 01:03:26,042 --> 01:03:28,249
- of food and the soils
- and the seas,
- 1075
- 01:03:28,250 --> 01:03:29,990
- you lose civilisation as well.
- 1076
- 01:03:55,625 --> 01:03:59,789
- So, velvet, because
- the warming will increase
- 1077
- 01:03:59,792 --> 01:04:02,408
- over the next two decades,
- 1078
- 01:04:02,417 --> 01:04:05,159
- and sea levels
- will continue to rise...
- 1079
- 01:04:06,500 --> 01:04:12,621
- Some countries will need to
- adapt in new and creative ways.
- 1080
- 01:04:19,917 --> 01:04:22,659
- But if predictions of severe
- droughts are realised
- 1081
- 01:04:22,667 --> 01:04:25,784
- that see shortages of food,
- 1082
- 01:04:25,792 --> 01:04:29,410
- the potential for unprecedented
- numbers of refugees
- 1083
- 01:04:29,417 --> 01:04:31,783
- and civil unrest
- around the world...
- 1084
- 01:04:33,375 --> 01:04:34,865
- Is enormous.
- 1085
- 01:04:42,375 --> 01:04:46,288
- Just imagine large-scale
- marine permaculture,
- 1086
- 01:04:46,292 --> 01:04:48,908
- helping to mitigate
- the severity of such a crisis.
- 1087
- 01:04:52,042 --> 01:04:53,907
- It could provide
- an alternative food source
- 1088
- 01:04:53,917 --> 01:04:55,407
- to the damaged land crops...
- 1089
- 01:04:57,250 --> 01:04:59,787
- That is rich in protein
- and other nutrients.
- 1090
- 01:05:03,042 --> 01:05:04,532
- Instead of having
- governments
- 1091
- 01:05:04,542 --> 01:05:06,407
- that are reacting to disaster,
- 1092
- 01:05:06,417 --> 01:05:08,282
- we need governments
- and communities
- 1093
- 01:05:08,292 --> 01:05:11,489
- and businesses that proactively
- set a new vision
- 1094
- 01:05:11,500 --> 01:05:13,365
- that prevents these disasters,
- 1095
- 01:05:13,375 --> 01:05:15,415
- that actually takes us
- off in a different direction.
- 1096
- 01:05:18,167 --> 01:05:21,534
- Investment in marine
- permaculture around the world
- 1097
- 01:05:21,542 --> 01:05:24,284
- could generate countless jobs
- 1098
- 01:05:24,292 --> 01:05:26,908
- and help us reduce
- our meat consumption,
- 1099
- 01:05:26,917 --> 01:05:29,624
- while sequestering staggering
- amounts of carbon.
- 1100
- 01:05:33,542 --> 01:05:38,411
- Imagine decommissioned oil rigs
- converted to house the workers
- 1101
- 01:05:38,417 --> 01:05:41,409
- and becoming exciting
- tourist destinations
- 1102
- 01:05:41,417 --> 01:05:44,250
- for those keen
- to explore marine life.
- 1103
- 01:05:52,792 --> 01:05:55,158
- The seaweed could be
- particularly valuable
- 1104
- 01:05:55,167 --> 01:05:59,911
- in climate vulnerable areas
- like the bay of bengal,
- 1105
- 01:05:59,917 --> 01:06:03,614
- where it could provide food,
- fertiliser and biofuel.
- 1106
- 01:06:05,042 --> 01:06:08,660
- Along the coast of Africa, it
- could provide similar benefits,
- 1107
- 01:06:08,667 --> 01:06:11,374
- contributing to a thriving
- local economy.
- 1108
- 01:06:17,167 --> 01:06:19,909
- With mechanisms,
- simple ones,
- 1109
- 01:06:19,917 --> 01:06:23,284
- you are in fact
- regenerating the oceans.
- 1110
- 01:06:26,250 --> 01:06:27,911
- You could feed 10 billion people
- 1111
- 01:06:27,917 --> 01:06:30,659
- with the protein from
- marine permaculture alone.
- 1112
- 01:06:50,917 --> 01:06:52,623
- At this point of the trip,
- 1113
- 01:06:52,625 --> 01:06:56,538
- I felt for the first time
- like we genuinely have a chance
- 1114
- 01:06:56,542 --> 01:06:58,032
- at a better future...
- 1115
- 01:06:59,125 --> 01:07:00,786
- If we choose to take it.
- 1116
- 01:07:06,292 --> 01:07:10,410
- But before heading home, there
- was another subject to address.
- 1117
- 01:07:14,542 --> 01:07:17,158
- Well, I wish they'd stop
- killing off animals
- 1118
- 01:07:17,167 --> 01:07:19,658
- and, well, forests and whatnot.
- 1119
- 01:07:21,250 --> 01:07:22,740
- That'd be cool.
- 1120
- 01:07:23,750 --> 01:07:27,789
- Probably for people to
- acknowledge that, like,
- 1121
- 01:07:27,792 --> 01:07:29,498
- the factories we build
- 1122
- 01:07:29,500 --> 01:07:32,913
- and, like, they hurt nature
- sometimes.
- 1123
- 01:07:32,917 --> 01:07:35,033
- Like, the things
- that we produce,
- 1124
- 01:07:35,042 --> 01:07:39,661
- it can, like, hurt the wildlife
- and it's not good.
- 1125
- 01:07:39,667 --> 01:07:41,783
- But people just ignore it
- right now.
- 1126
- 01:07:41,792 --> 01:07:45,660
- I would like to see everyone
- using the three rs -
- 1127
- 01:07:45,667 --> 01:07:48,158
- reduce, reuse and recycle.
- 1128
- 01:07:48,167 --> 01:07:51,534
- Many people know about it,
- but don't practice it today.
- 1129
- 01:08:03,542 --> 01:08:05,999
- Today's economy, right?
- 1130
- 01:08:06,000 --> 01:08:07,786
- It gets bigger
- faster and faster.
- 1131
- 01:08:07,792 --> 01:08:11,410
- So the economy is doubling
- in size nearly every 20 years.
- 1132
- 01:08:13,292 --> 01:08:16,614
- We take earth's materials,
- turn them into stuff we want,
- 1133
- 01:08:16,625 --> 01:08:18,832
- we use it for a while
- and then throw it away.
- 1134
- 01:08:18,833 --> 01:08:19,822
- Yep.
- 1135
- 01:08:19,833 --> 01:08:21,369
- And that take, make, use, lose -
- 1136
- 01:08:21,375 --> 01:08:23,741
- it cuts against the
- living cycles of the planet,
- 1137
- 01:08:23,750 --> 01:08:26,822
- causing climate change,
- causing pollution.
- 1138
- 01:08:29,875 --> 01:08:32,366
- So we're kicking ourselves
- out of planetary balance.
- 1139
- 01:08:36,208 --> 01:08:38,494
- It is difficult to see
- the impacts
- 1140
- 01:08:38,500 --> 01:08:41,617
- of our individual resource use
- on the broader environment.
- 1141
- 01:08:44,375 --> 01:08:48,072
- But our survival could depend
- on us making that connection.
- 1142
- 01:08:50,625 --> 01:08:54,493
- For greater than
- 99.9% of our evolution,
- 1143
- 01:08:54,500 --> 01:08:57,492
- human beings lived in this
- very intimate association
- 1144
- 01:08:57,500 --> 01:08:59,331
- with the natural world.
- 1145
- 01:08:59,333 --> 01:09:03,076
- The decisions we made
- on a daily basis as individuals
- 1146
- 01:09:03,083 --> 01:09:05,244
- within the context of
- communities,
- 1147
- 01:09:05,250 --> 01:09:07,582
- they were informed by
- this immediate feedback
- 1148
- 01:09:07,583 --> 01:09:09,869
- we got from the world around us.
- 1149
- 01:09:09,875 --> 01:09:13,367
- From the sun, from the water
- that was falling on us.
- 1150
- 01:09:13,375 --> 01:09:15,741
- And you fast forward
- to this little blip of time
- 1151
- 01:09:15,750 --> 01:09:18,366
- that we're in right now,
- and, you know,
- 1152
- 01:09:18,375 --> 01:09:20,616
- we're completely and totally
- alienated from nature.
- 1153
- 01:09:20,625 --> 01:09:22,115
- We've lost that connection.
- 1154
- 01:09:25,750 --> 01:09:28,617
- I've come to the town of
- oberlin in Ohio,
- 1155
- 01:09:30,250 --> 01:09:32,616
- have come up with
- a quite brilliant way
- 1156
- 01:09:32,625 --> 01:09:36,072
- to raise awareness of
- their community's resource use.
- 1157
- 01:09:39,083 --> 01:09:40,823
- The environmental dashboard
- 1158
- 01:09:40,833 --> 01:09:42,744
- was really kind of built around
- the science
- 1159
- 01:09:42,750 --> 01:09:44,866
- and putting people and humans
- in connection with
- 1160
- 01:09:44,875 --> 01:09:46,991
- how they're using
- their natural resources.
- 1161
- 01:09:47,000 --> 01:09:48,740
- And so what this does
- 1162
- 01:09:48,750 --> 01:09:52,993
- is it gives a visual
- representation of the usage.
- 1163
- 01:09:53,000 --> 01:09:55,491
- And they put it into the schools
- 1164
- 01:09:55,500 --> 01:09:58,367
- and so it's really gotten
- a lot more into the community.
- 1165
- 01:09:58,375 --> 01:10:02,368
- And the teachers are
- utilising it in their lessons.
- 1166
- 01:10:02,375 --> 01:10:04,081
- I want you to pay
- close attention
- 1167
- 01:10:04,083 --> 01:10:06,495
- to the squirrel on
- the right side.
- 1168
- 01:10:06,500 --> 01:10:08,240
- And watch what happens.
- 1169
- 01:10:08,250 --> 01:10:13,825
- As it goes down, he gets sadder
- and sadder and starts to cry.
- 1170
- 01:10:13,833 --> 01:10:16,245
- Why do you think the
- squirrel got happier or sadder?
- 1171
- 01:10:16,250 --> 01:10:17,740
- I noticed that too.
- 1172
- 01:10:17,750 --> 01:10:19,240
- Well, probably
- because we're using
- 1173
- 01:10:19,250 --> 01:10:21,115
- a lot of electricity
- at that point.
- 1174
- 01:10:21,125 --> 01:10:23,081
- More than we regularly used.
- 1175
- 01:10:23,083 --> 01:10:24,573
- We did a controlled study
- 1176
- 01:10:24,583 --> 01:10:26,574
- where we have
- another school system
- 1177
- 01:10:26,583 --> 01:10:28,699
- very similar to oberlin's
- school systems
- 1178
- 01:10:28,708 --> 01:10:30,244
- in a different area of Ohio.
- 1179
- 01:10:30,250 --> 01:10:32,366
- They've got
- the same curriculum as we do,
- 1180
- 01:10:32,375 --> 01:10:33,865
- but they don't have dashboard.
- 1181
- 01:10:33,875 --> 01:10:36,742
- We found as a result of
- exposure,
- 1182
- 01:10:36,750 --> 01:10:39,617
- if you ask them about
- electricity use,
- 1183
- 01:10:39,625 --> 01:10:42,367
- they start talking about
- emotions.
- 1184
- 01:10:42,375 --> 01:10:44,991
- And when you compare
- students in our school
- 1185
- 01:10:45,000 --> 01:10:46,581
- with this other school,
- 1186
- 01:10:46,583 --> 01:10:48,824
- they also have more of
- a community response
- 1187
- 01:10:48,833 --> 01:10:52,121
- when they talk about what needs
- to be done about energy use.
- 1188
- 01:10:52,125 --> 01:10:53,990
- They use the word 'we'.
- 1189
- 01:10:54,000 --> 01:10:57,242
- And in the other school system,
- they use the word 't'.
- 1190
- 01:10:57,250 --> 01:10:59,366
- So we've seen real change
- 1191
- 01:10:59,375 --> 01:11:03,323
- as a result of this technology
- in the school.
- 1192
- 01:11:06,750 --> 01:11:09,822
- What is most exciting
- about this idea
- 1193
- 01:11:09,833 --> 01:11:11,869
- is that the dashboards
- could reconnect us
- 1194
- 01:11:11,875 --> 01:11:13,456
- to a range of resources...
- 1195
- 01:11:15,250 --> 01:11:17,115
- And influence our behaviour.
- 1196
- 01:11:20,625 --> 01:11:22,581
- It's a way to really
- engage the community
- 1197
- 01:11:22,583 --> 01:11:24,119
- in this discussion,
- 1198
- 01:11:24,125 --> 01:11:27,868
- regardless of what race,
- what education, economic level,
- 1199
- 01:11:27,875 --> 01:11:29,740
- in this discussion
- on sustainability
- 1200
- 01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:31,240
- and the environment.
- 1201
- 01:11:36,958 --> 01:11:39,370
- But awareness of
- our resource use
- 1202
- 01:11:39,375 --> 01:11:41,741
- is just one piece of
- a complicated puzzle.
- 1203
- 01:11:43,333 --> 01:11:44,823
- Another solution
- 1204
- 01:11:44,833 --> 01:11:47,370
- that could have a huge impact
- on our dilemma
- 1205
- 01:11:47,375 --> 01:11:49,991
- caught me completely off-guard.
- 1206
- 01:11:53,333 --> 01:11:57,622
- Probably our biggest
- surprise was educating girls
- 1207
- 01:11:57,625 --> 01:12:00,241
- and family planning.
- 1208
- 01:12:00,250 --> 01:12:01,865
- You combine these two together,
- 1209
- 01:12:01,875 --> 01:12:04,366
- the number one solution
- to reversing global warming
- 1210
- 01:12:04,375 --> 01:12:06,206
- is the empowerment
- of girls and women.
- 1211
- 01:12:06,208 --> 01:12:07,698
- Wow.
- 1212
- 01:12:15,250 --> 01:12:18,947
- So, our daughter
- starts school next year
- 1213
- 01:12:18,958 --> 01:12:21,370
- and as an Australian,
- 1214
- 01:12:21,375 --> 01:12:24,117
- I completely take for granted
- 1215
- 01:12:24,125 --> 01:12:27,572
- that she will get to complete
- her education.
- 1216
- 01:12:27,583 --> 01:12:29,574
- And what I'm just learning here
- 1217
- 01:12:29,583 --> 01:12:33,075
- is that there are 65 million
- girls around the world
- 1218
- 01:12:33,083 --> 01:12:34,619
- that don't get that opportunity.
- 1219
- 01:12:35,833 --> 01:12:37,323
- And there's a host of reasons
- for that.
- 1220
- 01:12:37,333 --> 01:12:39,870
- Some are put to work to
- support families
- 1221
- 01:12:39,875 --> 01:12:41,365
- or they're married off.
- 1222
- 01:12:41,375 --> 01:12:42,865
- But on average,
- 1223
- 01:12:42,875 --> 01:12:45,833
- those girls will have
- five or more children.
- 1224
- 01:12:48,583 --> 01:12:50,244
- So we found
- that across the board,
- 1225
- 01:12:50,250 --> 01:12:51,740
- and this isn't just countries
- 1226
- 01:12:51,750 --> 01:12:53,240
- where there might be
- high rates of poverty.
- 1227
- 01:12:53,250 --> 01:12:54,615
- Even wealthier countries,
- 1228
- 01:12:54,625 --> 01:12:57,617
- we know that when girls
- stay in school for longer
- 1229
- 01:12:57,625 --> 01:13:00,742
- and they have access to good
- reproductive health services,
- 1230
- 01:13:00,750 --> 01:13:03,332
- as well as decent
- work opportunities,
- 1231
- 01:13:03,333 --> 01:13:05,995
- that women will tend to delay
- having children
- 1232
- 01:13:06,000 --> 01:13:07,490
- until they're ready,
- 1233
- 01:13:07,500 --> 01:13:09,957
- and then they choose to have
- fewer children from then on.
- 1234
- 01:13:09,958 --> 01:13:11,619
- So, what this does
- as a collective,
- 1235
- 01:13:11,625 --> 01:13:14,332
- is it slows down
- the population growth rate,
- 1236
- 01:13:14,333 --> 01:13:15,869
- which means that
- there's less pressure
- 1237
- 01:13:15,875 --> 01:13:19,072
- and competition for access to
- a whole range of resources,
- 1238
- 01:13:19,083 --> 01:13:21,244
- whether it's food or water
- or land.
- 1239
- 01:13:22,875 --> 01:13:24,957
- Their children tend to
- stay in school longer as well
- 1240
- 01:13:24,958 --> 01:13:28,746
- and, over time, they break
- that cycle of poverty.
- 1241
- 01:13:32,875 --> 01:13:34,957
- So it's a form of
- family planning,
- 1242
- 01:13:34,958 --> 01:13:36,494
- but it's not coercive.
- 1243
- 01:13:36,500 --> 01:13:37,956
- It's not control.
- 1244
- 01:13:37,958 --> 01:13:41,871
- It's just empowering girls
- to be who they want to be
- 1245
- 01:13:41,875 --> 01:13:44,947
- and you have
- these incredible benefits.
- 1246
- 01:13:51,250 --> 01:13:55,448
- One child, one teacher,
- 1247
- 01:13:55,458 --> 01:14:00,865
- one book and one pen
- can change the world.
- 1248
- 01:14:23,333 --> 01:14:24,994
- So this could be
- a pleasant afternoon
- 1249
- 01:14:25,000 --> 01:14:27,616
- in a standard city of 2040.
- 1250
- 01:14:34,583 --> 01:14:36,448
- Freed-up space has encouraged
- 1251
- 01:14:36,458 --> 01:14:39,245
- a range of new
- outdoor activities.
- 1252
- 01:14:43,375 --> 01:14:47,323
- Imagine, velvet, you and
- your cool group of friends
- 1253
- 01:14:47,333 --> 01:14:48,948
- have met for a picnic.
- 1254
- 01:14:50,625 --> 01:14:52,115
- Although it is unlikely
- 1255
- 01:14:52,125 --> 01:14:54,366
- that Princess Elsa will still
- be part of your crew.
- 1256
- 01:14:58,750 --> 01:15:03,323
- My hope is that we are all
- using resources more wisely
- 1257
- 01:15:03,333 --> 01:15:06,120
- and some of the clever
- innovations that exist today...
- 1258
- 01:15:06,125 --> 01:15:07,615
- Selfiel
- 1259
- 01:15:07,625 --> 01:15:09,490
- except for this drone phone
- that I did make up
- 1260
- 01:15:09,500 --> 01:15:12,615
- - to obliterate selfie sticks...
- - Home!
- 1261
- 01:15:12,625 --> 01:15:14,616
- Have been widely adopted.
- 1262
- 01:15:17,250 --> 01:15:22,324
- Some materials are grown
- or made from organic matter.
- 1263
- 01:15:27,875 --> 01:15:32,244
- While other materials have been
- recycled or break down rapidly.
- 1264
- 01:15:35,333 --> 01:15:36,869
- And wouldn't it be terrific
- 1265
- 01:15:36,875 --> 01:15:38,831
- if we have not only implemented
- the smart ways
- 1266
- 01:15:38,833 --> 01:15:41,370
- to deal with the billions of
- coffee cups
- 1267
- 01:15:41,375 --> 01:15:43,081
- we send to landfill each year...
- 1268
- 01:15:45,125 --> 01:15:46,740
- But each city of the world
- 1269
- 01:15:46,750 --> 01:15:48,991
- has followed the lead of
- Stockholm,
- 1270
- 01:15:49,000 --> 01:15:51,366
- who collect their residents'
- food waste...
- 1271
- 01:15:53,625 --> 01:15:56,617
- Extract the methane to
- power their local vehicles...
- 1272
- 01:15:58,250 --> 01:16:00,582
- And give the leftovers
- to farmers
- 1273
- 01:16:00,583 --> 01:16:03,370
- to use as a natural
- fertiliser for their soils.
- 1274
- 01:16:05,500 --> 01:16:08,492
- Well played, Sweden.
- Well played.
- 1275
- 01:16:12,125 --> 01:16:14,741
- These behaviour changes
- in our resource use
- 1276
- 01:16:14,750 --> 01:16:16,706
- could be reflected on dashboards
- 1277
- 01:16:16,708 --> 01:16:18,869
- throughout our cities,
- 1278
- 01:16:18,875 --> 01:16:20,615
- where there used to be ads.
- 1279
- 01:16:22,833 --> 01:16:25,370
- Even encouraging some
- healthy competition.
- 1280
- 01:16:32,375 --> 01:16:36,995
- But in this 2040,
- my greatest hope
- 1281
- 01:16:37,000 --> 01:16:39,366
- is that girls across the globe
- 1282
- 01:16:39,375 --> 01:16:42,742
- now have access to the same
- educational opportunities
- 1283
- 01:16:42,750 --> 01:16:44,866
- as you and your friends.
- 1284
- 01:17:00,000 --> 01:17:02,366
- The cascading benefits of this
- 1285
- 01:17:02,375 --> 01:17:06,618
- could be greater than anything
- else I have discovered.
- 1286
- 01:18:04,958 --> 01:18:08,997
- So, velvet, this was my story
- 1287
- 01:18:09,000 --> 01:18:12,072
- of a future I hope
- you get to experience.
- 1288
- 01:18:13,333 --> 01:18:17,246
- Your story and
- the one that transpires
- 1289
- 01:18:17,250 --> 01:18:18,865
- may be completely different.
- 1290
- 01:18:20,125 --> 01:18:22,081
- But what I now understand
- 1291
- 01:18:22,083 --> 01:18:24,495
- is that not only are there
- so many people
- 1292
- 01:18:24,500 --> 01:18:27,367
- who want to take part
- in telling a new story...
- 1293
- 01:18:29,083 --> 01:18:32,826
- But we have everything
- we need right now
- 1294
- 01:18:32,833 --> 01:18:34,619
- to make it happen.
- 1295
- 01:18:37,875 --> 01:18:41,743
- When you go beyond
- the dominant media discourse
- 1296
- 01:18:41,750 --> 01:18:43,991
- and get closer to the ground,
- 1297
- 01:18:44,000 --> 01:18:47,743
- you will see,
- everywhere you look,
- 1298
- 01:18:47,750 --> 01:18:50,116
- incredible reasons for hope.
- 1299
- 01:19:00,250 --> 01:19:02,115
- Over the next few years,
- 1300
- 01:19:02,125 --> 01:19:04,616
- you may notice less
- red meat for dinner...
- 1301
- 01:19:06,833 --> 01:19:08,619
- More trips to the compost bin...
- 1302
- 01:19:11,458 --> 01:19:13,119
- Better search engines...
- 1303
- 01:19:16,333 --> 01:19:19,496
- And potentially a new
- dashboard in your classroom.
- 1304
- 01:19:22,375 --> 01:19:27,324
- If enough of us make
- these sorts of small changes,
- 1305
- 01:19:27,333 --> 01:19:30,120
- when combined,
- they will make a difference.
- 1306
- 01:19:31,875 --> 01:19:33,991
- Big banks continue to take a hit
- 1307
- 01:19:34,000 --> 01:19:37,197
- as the public shifts its money
- away from organisations
- 1308
- 01:19:37,208 --> 01:19:39,119
- that support fossil fuels.
- 1309
- 01:19:41,083 --> 01:19:44,120
- But of equal importance
- is strong leadership.
- 1310
- 01:19:46,750 --> 01:19:49,867
- Wouldn't it be terrific
- if new leaders emerge
- 1311
- 01:19:49,875 --> 01:19:52,082
- who can navigate us
- to a better 20407?
- 1312
- 01:19:55,875 --> 01:19:58,867
- And just imagine if they used
- the doughnut framework
- 1313
- 01:19:58,875 --> 01:20:00,581
- to create the new story...
- 1314
- 01:20:01,875 --> 01:20:03,991
- Coupled with more
- and more people
- 1315
- 01:20:04,000 --> 01:20:06,241
- finding a defining role
- within it.
- 1316
- 01:20:08,500 --> 01:20:11,742
- What we can do
- is see where you get lit up
- 1317
- 01:20:11,750 --> 01:20:13,456
- and maybe it's
- girls' education -
- 1318
- 01:20:13,458 --> 01:20:14,994
- "wow. I had no idea!"
- 1319
- 01:20:16,000 --> 01:20:18,332
- Or it can be food or it can be
- farming or it could be energy,
- 1320
- 01:20:18,333 --> 01:20:20,449
- it could be housing, transport.
- 1321
- 01:20:20,458 --> 01:20:22,369
- I mean, there's so many areas
- 1322
- 01:20:22,375 --> 01:20:25,993
- where you actually probably
- do have influence
- 1323
- 01:20:26,000 --> 01:20:27,991
- where you are working,
- 1324
- 01:20:28,000 --> 01:20:30,241
- where you can affect change
- 1325
- 01:20:30,250 --> 01:20:32,741
- in a way that actually
- is demonstrable
- 1326
- 01:20:32,750 --> 01:20:34,991
- and meaningful
- to you and others.
- 1327
- 01:20:40,000 --> 01:20:43,322
- And it just unleashes
- the power of innovation
- 1328
- 01:20:43,333 --> 01:20:47,372
- and imagination and creativity
- that's within all people.
- 1329
- 01:20:55,000 --> 01:20:57,116
- My hope for you, darling,
- 1330
- 01:20:57,125 --> 01:21:01,240
- is that sometime in
- 2040 there's a day
- 1331
- 01:21:01,250 --> 01:21:03,992
- when the greenhouse gases
- in our atmosphere
- 1332
- 01:21:04,000 --> 01:21:07,743
- stop increasing and
- begin to come down.
- 1333
- 01:21:09,458 --> 01:21:11,949
- And the solutions
- that achieve this
- 1334
- 01:21:11,958 --> 01:21:14,370
- benefit a wide range of people.
- 1335
- 01:21:19,625 --> 01:21:23,322
- To celebrate, there are parties
- across the globe
- 1336
- 01:21:23,333 --> 01:21:25,494
- for you and your generation.
- 1337
- 01:21:26,875 --> 01:21:28,456
- The regeneration.
- 1338
- 01:22:10,083 --> 01:22:13,996
- When I grow up, I want homeless
- people to have their own homes
- 1339
- 01:22:14,000 --> 01:22:16,366
- with their own money
- to buy their own food
- 1340
- 01:22:16,375 --> 01:22:17,865
- and have their own jobs.
- 1341
- 01:22:18,958 --> 01:22:22,450
- Well, I'd like it
- to be human instinct
- 1342
- 01:22:22,458 --> 01:22:25,996
- to just look after the world
- and to care for the world.
- 1343
- 01:22:26,000 --> 01:22:28,332
- I would like to see everybody
- have equal rights
- 1344
- 01:22:28,333 --> 01:22:30,244
- and the same living
- opportunities.
- 1345
- 01:22:31,250 --> 01:22:33,741
- I just want the future
- to be good.
- 1346
- 01:22:43,250 --> 01:22:44,956
- Dadda!
- 1347
- 01:22:55,625 --> 01:22:57,115
- So...
- 1348
- 01:22:58,875 --> 01:23:00,615
- What's your 20407?
- 1349
- 01:25:11,833 --> 01:25:15,826
- I want to see clean
- air for more people to breathe
- 1350
- 01:25:15,833 --> 01:25:17,619
- and clean air, so that the trees
- 1351
- 01:25:17,625 --> 01:25:21,823
- don't have to take the smoke
- into their leaves and die.
- 1352
- 01:25:24,375 --> 01:25:28,243
- I also hope that we'll
- be able to solve world hunger,
- 1353
- 01:25:28,250 --> 01:25:30,366
- 'cause a lot of people
- are going hungry.
- 1354
- 01:25:31,375 --> 01:25:33,366
- At the moment,
- the ice caps are melting
- 1355
- 01:25:33,375 --> 01:25:35,491
- because of all
- the greenhouse gases.
- 1356
- 01:25:37,125 --> 01:25:39,867
- [I the earth speaks
- loud and clear
- 1357
- 01:25:39,875 --> 01:25:42,832
- j the time to act is here
- 1358
- 01:25:42,833 --> 01:25:44,243
- I have want to make sure
- 1359
- 01:25:44,250 --> 01:25:45,990
- there's no pollution
- in the ocean.
- 1360
- 01:25:49,125 --> 01:25:51,616
- & tomorrow's become today
- 1361
- 01:25:51,625 --> 01:25:55,072
- j it's too late to turn away
- 1362
- 01:25:56,125 --> 01:26:00,323
- I want to see fresh air,
- fresh water, no pollution.
- 1363
- 01:26:00,333 --> 01:26:03,450
- Because that will kill animals
- and I want no animals to die.
- 1364
- 01:26:05,125 --> 01:26:07,957
- I'd like it
- to be human instinct
- 1365
- 01:26:07,958 --> 01:26:12,122
- to just look after the world
- and to care for the world.
- 1366
- 01:26:12,125 --> 01:26:13,865
- I would like
- to see a world
- 1367
- 01:26:13,875 --> 01:26:17,117
- where people live in peace,
- Harmony and happiness
- 1368
- 01:26:17,125 --> 01:26:20,367
- and not a world
- where people live in fear.
- 1369
- 01:26:20,375 --> 01:26:21,990
- I don't think
- we should use guns
- 1370
- 01:26:22,000 --> 01:26:23,615
- and force each other around.
- 1371
- 01:26:27,875 --> 01:26:30,457
- j the creatures we have lost
- 1372
- 01:26:39,625 --> 01:26:43,243
- j so please don't turn away
- 1373
- 01:26:43,250 --> 01:26:46,868
- In the future, I'd like
- to see more beautiful things
- 1374
- 01:26:46,875 --> 01:26:49,457
- like flowers, more trees.
- 1375
- 01:26:49,458 --> 01:26:50,948
- Cleaner water.
- 1376
- 01:26:50,958 --> 01:26:52,368
- Be respectful to earth.
- 1377
- 01:26:52,375 --> 01:26:53,990
- Less global warming.
- 1378
- 01:26:54,000 --> 01:26:57,948
- We could stop littering
- and make sure coral looks ok
- 1379
- 01:26:57,958 --> 01:27:00,950
- 'cause it normally looks
- like a rainbow in the sea.
- 1380
- 01:27:03,750 --> 01:27:06,457
- j so please don't turn away
- 1381
- 01:27:06,458 --> 01:27:08,244
- And also,
- I'd like my kids
- 1382
- 01:27:08,250 --> 01:27:12,072
- to be able to swim
- in fresh water.
- 1383
- 01:27:15,833 --> 01:27:19,371
- j so please don't turn away
- 1384
- 01:27:19,375 --> 01:27:21,115
- A lot more inventions.
- 1385
- 01:27:21,125 --> 01:27:22,740
- Electric cars.
- 1386
- 01:27:22,750 --> 01:27:24,832
- Take transportation.
- 1387
- 01:27:27,708 --> 01:27:31,576
- j so please don't turn away
- 1388
- 01:27:52,625 --> 01:27:55,457
- If people keep doing
- what they're doing now,
- 1389
- 01:27:55,458 --> 01:27:58,245
- the world won't be
- a very good place.
- 1390
- 01:28:00,958 --> 01:28:06,866
- j so please don't
- turn away j the future
- 1391
- 01:28:06,875 --> 01:28:08,331
- I would also like
- 1392
- 01:28:08,333 --> 01:28:10,870
- if money was
- more evenly distributed.
- 1393
- 01:28:10,875 --> 01:28:13,241
- I would like to see
- everybody have equal rights
- 1394
- 01:28:13,250 --> 01:28:15,332
- and the same living
- opportunities.
- 1395
- 01:28:15,333 --> 01:28:18,075
- For the government
- to have done something
- 1396
- 01:28:18,083 --> 01:28:20,745
- on global warming and pollution.
- 1397
- 01:28:25,375 --> 01:28:28,572
- I want people to treat
- each other better.
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