recent_oa = db_session.query(exists().where(
    and_(
        and_(Jobs.candidate_id == candidate_id, Jobs.interview_type == 'EVALUATION', Jobs.disposition_date < datetime.now()-timedelta(days=1)),
        ## I want this to evaluate to be True
        and_(~Jobs.candidate_id == candidate_id, Jobs.interview_type == 'IN_HOUSE', Jobs.disposition_date > '2017-01-01'),
        ## and I want this to evaluate to False
    )
)).scalar()

recent_oa
>> True