2017-09-29 TOEFL: int writing, climate vocab

Homework: p. 152-157 complete the Longman worksheet; audio is available at the link I will email to you
1 B
2 C
3 D
4 A
5 B
6 D
7 D
8 B
1 D
2 A
3 B
4 D
5 B
6 A
---
Writing Section: fourth and final section of the test, after speaking
- about 1 hour total, 20+30 minutes of writing time to respond to two prompts
1 integrated: 3 minutes to read a text, listen to a lecture, 20 minutes to write about the lecture relates to the text (usually it contrasts, but it might support the text or illustrate points from the text)
2 independent: read a prompt (choice question), 30 minutes to write a response
---
Take a minute or two to read the score and comments on last week’s (independent) writing.
---
What is the main structural problem with this paragraph? - It’s all the same sentence.
First reason is that any step that we have to take in our life, depends on the decisions we have made in the past. Those decisions show us what is right or wrong, easy or hard way to do. If you are a CEO, for example, and needs to make decisions every single day, you cannot depend on someone that does not know how the company works, what the risks are. Nothing can be done from someone that does not know the situation and the structure of it.
---
Integrated Writing:
- 3 minutes to read a text about some topic (make sure to identify the main idea and three supporting points during this time)
- around 2-3 minutes to listen to a lecture about the same topic (take more detailed notes, because you will only hear the lecture once; make sure to identify which points in the lecture relate to which points from the reading)
- 20 minutes to write a short (150-225 words) response summarizing the points from the lecture and explaining how they relate to specific points from the reading
---
DELTA p. 358 - take 3 minutes to read about the plow and identify the main points
R0 = main idea = the plow is good
R1 = first point = the plow allowed us to farm larger areas of land and in places we couldn’t before
R2 = second point = the plow improves soil quality
R3 = third point = the plow reduces labor and costs of farming, which increases yields
Now listen to the lecture and take notes
L0 = the plow is not so great (no-till farming is better)
L1 = large-scale farming isn’t enough if it’s not also sustainable (no-till farming is more sustainable)
L2 = overuse of the plow causes soil damage (no-till farming minimizes damages)
L3 = the plow threatens rural livelihoods, no-till farming uses 50% less fuel and 30-50% less labor
---
prompt:
“Summarize the points made in the lecture, being sure to explain how they challenge specific points made in the reading passage.”
Your response will probably have four paragraphs, explaining each of the ideas and points
paragraph 1: topic, R0, L0/R0 - introduce the topic, summarize what the reading says about the topic, summarize what the listening says and how that relates to the reading
paragraph 2: R1, L1/R1 - summarize the first point from the reading, summarize the first point from the listening and explain how it relates
paragraph 3: R2, L2/R2 - summarize the second point from the reading, summarize the second point from the listening and explain how it relates
paragraph 4: R3, L3/R3 - summarize the third point from the reading, summarize the third point from the listening and explain how it relates
---
(This is sometimes called “point-by-point format”, because there is one paragraph for each point from the reading and listening.)
---
BREAK
---
DELTA p. 360 gives examples of how the three supporting points can be contrasted (However, even with an introductory paragraph this would not be long enough. Your response should include at least some of the supporting details for each point.)
---
Useful words and expressions for integrated writing.
- Citation language (to show where you got each idea or piece of information)
	text: according to the text/reading/author/writer
as it says in the text/reading
this [relates to] the point from the text/reading
the author/writer believes/thinks (only people can believe and think things)
the author/writer/text/reading says/states/argues/claims
	lecture: according to the lecture/listening/speaker/lecturer/professor
as it says in the lecture/listening
the lecture/listening [relates to] the point from the text/reading
the speaker/lecturer/professor believes/thinks
the lecture/listening/speaker/lecturer/professor says/states/argues/claims
- Contrast language (to show that the ideas from the lecture contradict the ideas from the text)
	connectors: however, on the other hand, in contrast, contrary toppo this
	conjunctions: although, even though, while, but
	verbs (to put in [relates to] above): challenge, cast doubt on, oppose, contradict
- Support language (to show that the points from the lecture support the points from the text)
	verbs: support, confirm, illustrate/demonstrate/exemplify (if it’s an example)
(Support relationships are most often “definition and examples”, but can also sometimes be “general statement and studies confirming it”)
---
Read and listen for ETS 1 test 3
---
Handout (climate and environment vocabulary) - With your partner, choose the word from each sentence that has the given meaning.
1 precipitation (precipitate)
2 temperature (“temperate” has a different meaning)
3 role
4 fundamental
5 ecosystem (“eco” is in many words related to the environment and our connection to it)
6 drought
7 atmosphere (atmospheric)
8 lead to
9 fossil fuels
10 release (verb and noun)
11 emission (emit)
12 absorb (absorption, absorptive)
13 reflect (reflection, reflective, reflectivity)
14 sustainable (sustain, sustainability)
15 ecologist (ecology, ecological)
16 deplete (depletion)
17 deforestation (deforested)
18 tropical (tropic/tropics)
---
Handout (Collins) part A and B - Choose the correct words from the list
A
1 e
2 f
3 a
4 b
5 c
6 d
B
1 c
2 a
3 b
4 c
5 c
6 a
---
Homework: Write a response to ETS 1 test 3 integrated writing (the text and audio are at the same link I emailed you yesterday) - Take as much time as you need to finish your idea and make corrections, but make a note of how much time you need for that.
Email your responses to me at [email protected]