m

Naturally low population periods or repeated pesticide treatment are sometimes required to suppress populations before the use of sterile insects.
Sex separation can be difficult, though this can be easily performed on a large scale where genetic sexing systems have been developed as for the Mediterranean fruit fly.
Radiation, transport and release treatments can reduce male mating fitness.
The technique is species-specific. For instance, the technique must be implemented separately for each of the 6 economically important tsetse fly species.
Mass rearing and irradiation[16][17] require precision processes. Failures have occurred when unexpectedly fertile breeding males were released.
Area-wide approach is more effective, as migration of wild insects from outside the control area could recreate the problem.
The cost of producing sufficient sterile insects can be prohibitive in some locations but decreases with economies of scale.
Ae. aegypti has been genetically modified to suppress its own species in an approach similar to the sterile insect technique, thereby reducing the risk of disease. The mosquitoes, known as OX513A, were developed by Oxitec, a spinout of Oxford University. Field trials in the Cayman Islands, Brazil, and Panama have shown that the OX513A mosquitoes reduced the target mosquito populations by more than 90%.[21][22] This mosquito suppression effect is achieved by a self-limiting gene that prevents the offspring from surviving. Male modified mosquitoes, which do not bite or spread disease, are released to mate with the pest females. Their offspring inherit the self-limiting gene and die before reaching adulthood—before they can reproduce or spread disease. The OX513A mosquitoes and their offspring also carry a fluorescent marker for simple monitoring. To produce more OX513A mosquitoes for control projects, the self-limiting gene is switched off (using the Tet-Off system) in the mosquito production facility using an antidote (the antibiotic tetracycline), allowing the mosquitoes to reproduce naturally. In the environment, the antidote is unavailable to rescue mosquito reproduction, so the pest population is suppressed.[23]
The mosquito control effect is nontoxic and species-specific, as the OX513A mosquitoes are Ae. aegypti and only breed with Ae. aegypti. The result of the self-limiting approach is that the released insects and their offspring die and do not persist in the environment.[24][25]
In Brazil, the modified mosquitoes were approved by the National Biosecurity Technical Commission for releases throughout the country. Insects were released into the wild populations of Brazil, Malaysia, and the Cayman Islands in 2012.[26][27] In July 2015, the city of Piracicaba, São Paulo, started releasing the OX513A mosquitoes.[28][29] In 2015, the UK House of Lords called on the government to support more work on genetically modified insects in the interest of global health.[30] In 2016, the United States Food and Drug Administration granted preliminary approval for the use of modified mosquitoes to prevent the spread of the Zika virus.[31]
This approach could also be applied to control Aedes albopictus and the Anopheles mosquitoes that spread malaria.[32]
Another proposed method consists in using radiation to sterilize male larvae so that when they mate, they produce no progeny.[33] Male mosquitoes do not bite or spread disease.
Alphabet, Inc. has started the Debug Project to infect males of this species with Wolbachia bacteria, interrupting the reproductive cycle of these animals.[34]
The recent invention of CRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing tool have significantly expanded the scope of genome editing research in Aedes aegypti mosquito. Several scientists across the globe have already attempted this technique to engineer the genome of vector mosquitoes. The genes like ECFP (enhanced cyan fluorescent protein), Nix (male-determining factor gene), Aaeg-wtrw (Ae. aegypti water witch locus), Kmo (kynurenine 3-monoxygenase), loqs (loquacious), r2d2 (r2d2 protein), ku70 (ku heterodimer protein gene) and lig4 (ligase4) were targeted to modify the genome of Aedes aegypti using CRISPR/Cas9 tool to obtain a new mutant, which will become incapable of pathogen transmission or result in population control.[35]

--Article Source: Assessment of the Impact of Potential Tetracycline Exposure on the Phenotype of Aedes aegypti OX513A: Implications for Field Use
Curtis Z, Matzen K, Neira Oviedo M, Nimmo D, Gray P, et al. (2015) Assessment of the Impact of Potential Tetracycline Exposure on the Phenotype of Aedes aegypti OX513A: Implications for Field Use. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 9(8): e0003999. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003999