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- Homework: p. 276-278 exercises 2 and 3
- exercise 2
- A
- 2 vegetating
- 3 worrying
- 4 not having
- 5 not working
- 6 making
- 7 socializing
- 8 having
- 9 meeting
- 10 working
- 11 playing
- 12 collecting
- 13 singing
- 14 not singing
- 15 singing
- 16 orienteering
- B
- 2 Bob's helping
- 3 My boss's criticizing
- 4 Her living
- 5 Mary's advising
- 6 my becoming
- 7 their being
- 8 Our getting
- exercise 3
- 2 seeing
- 3 having enrolled (or enrolling)
- 4 assigning
- 5 arguing
- 6 having said
- 7 studying
- 8 helping
- 9 passing
- 10 having told
- ---
- gerunds work like nouns, so every sentence with a gerund also has a main verb
- If the gerund action is before the main verb, use "having".
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- http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk
- (all the notes I type here in class will be there after class)
- ---
- p. 279 exercise 4
- 1 Do you prefer being asked out on a date or asking someone yourself?
- 2 Are you more interested in entertaining yourself or in being entertained by others?
- 3 Do you prefer preparing dinner yourself or being invited to dinner by friends?
- 4 Do you like being told what to do or do you like giving orders?
- 5 Do you like figuring things out yourself or being shown how to do things?
- 6 Do you being given advice by friends or giving your friends advice?
- show-showed-shown
- We don't need to reinvent the wheel.
- ---
- p. 285
- flunk: fail a class or a grade level and need to repeat it
- live up to expectations: do as well as people expect
- tough nut to crack: difficult situation to solve or change
- connotation: extra meaning a word has, usually positive or negative
- "flunk" has a strong negative connotation
- "held back" and "repeated a level" are more neutral
- wretched: terrible feeling, depressed, disappointed
- Everything will turn out okay. = everything will be okay in the end
- ---
- INFINITIVES:
- ------------
- to + base form of a verb
- We can use infinitives in some of the same places as gerunds:
- To procrastinate causes a lot of problems. (subject)
- His job is to motivate people. (subject complement)
- I don't like to write papers. (verb object)
- There are other words that can only be with infinitives:
- adjectives:
- It is important to practice English every day.
- I was surprised to see him at school yesterday.
- too+adjective / adjective+enough:
- It is too cold to play outside today.
- He's not young enough to have the Happy Meal.
- most nouns (except "have difficulty", "have fun", etc.)
- I don't have time to type your paper right now.
- It is time to go home.
- I made a decision to help my friends whenever they need it.
- some verbs:
- I don't want to write my paper today.
- I decided to help my friends whenever they need it.
- I convinced him to help me.
- I told my sister to type her own paper.
- Note: some verbs change between gerund and infinitive if there is an object.
- I advise studying every day.
- I advise you to study every day.
- They don't permit running at this pool.
- They don't permit you to run at this pool.
- (also "allow")
- ---
- pages A-6 to A-8, Appendix 12-Appendix 18
- lists of verbs and adjectives + gerund or infinitive
- ---
- Homework:
- p. 292-293, exercises 2 and 3
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