sql = 'SELECT id FROM publishers WHERE name = ?';
    sth = db.prepare(sql)
    row = sth.execute(result['publisher'])

    puts "publisher: #{result['publisher']}--"

    publisher_id = nil
    if (row.num_rows() > 0)
        row.each do |row|
            publisher_id = row[0]
        end
    else
        sql = 'INSERT INTO publishers (name) VALUES(?)'
        sth = db.prepare(sql)
        row = sth.execute(result['publisher'])

        sql = 'SELECT id FROM publishers WHERE name = ?';
        sth = db.prepare(sql)
        row = sth.execute(result['publisher'])

        row.each do |row|
            publisher_id = row[0]
        end



        ## Go through the if above to get publisher id again.  ugh.