iowa

Iowa, USA BB laid down 1940

Displacement:
	45,043 t light; 48,179 t standard; 52,990 t normal; 56,839 t full load

Dimensions: Length (overall / waterline) x beam x draught (normal/deep)
	(886.02 ft / 859.58 ft) x 108.27 ft x (31.99 / 33.93 ft)
	(270.06 m / 262.00 m) x 33.00 m  x (9.75 / 10.34 m)

Armament:
      9 - 16.02" / 407 mm 50.0 cal guns - 2,755.78lbs / 1,250.00kg shells, 120 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in turret on barbette mounts, 1940 Model
	  3 x 3-gun mounts on centreline ends, majority forward
		1 raised mount - superfiring
      20 - 5.00" / 127 mm 38.0 cal guns - 59.33lbs / 26.91kg shells, 300 per gun
	  Dual purpose guns in deck and hoist mounts, 1940 Model
	  10 x Twin mounts on sides, evenly spread
		6 raised mounts
      80 - 1.57" / 40.0 mm 57.0 cal guns - 2.12lbs / 0.96kg shells, 2,000 per gun
	  Anti-air guns in deck mounts, 1940 Model
	  20 x Quad mounts on sides, evenly spread
      49 - 0.79" / 20.0 mm 70.0 cal guns - 0.27lbs / 0.12kg shells, 5,000 per gun
	  Breech loading guns in deck mounts, 1940 Model
	  49 x Single mounts on sides, evenly spread
      Weight of broadside 26,172 lbs / 11,871 kg

Armour:
   - Belts:		Width (max)	Length (avg)		Height (avg)
	Main:	6.61" / 168 mm	443.57 ft / 135.20 m	12.47 ft / 3.80 m
	Ends:	Unarmoured
	Upper:	12.1" / 307 mm	443.64 ft / 135.22 m	12.47 ft / 3.80 m
	  Main Belt covers 79 % of normal length
	  Main belt does not fully cover magazines and engineering spaces

   - Torpedo Bulkhead:
		1.61" / 41 mm	443.64 ft / 135.22 m	29.53 ft / 9.00 m

   - Gun armour:	Face (max)	Other gunhouse (avg)	Barbette/hoist (max)
	Main:	19.5" / 495 mm	9.02" / 229 mm		17.3" / 439 mm
	2nd:	1.02" / 26 mm	1.02" / 26 mm		1.02" / 26 mm

   - Armoured deck - multiple decks: 7.32" / 186 mm For and Aft decks

   - Conning towers: Forward 17.28" / 439 mm,  Aft 0.00" / 0 mm

Machinery:
	Oil fired boilers, steam turbines,
	Geared drive, 3 shafts, 212,009 shp / 158,159 Kw = 31.61 kts
	Range 14,890nm at 15.00 kts
	Bunker at max displacement = 8,659 tons

Complement:
	1,746 - 2,270

Cost:
	£27.068 million / $108.273 million

Distribution of weights at normal displacement:
	Armament: 4,585 tons, 8.7 %
	Armour: 16,386 tons, 30.9 %
	   - Belts: 4,604 tons, 8.7 %
	   - Torpedo bulkhead: 782 tons, 1.5 %
	   - Armament: 3,771 tons, 7.1 %
	   - Armour Deck: 6,703 tons, 12.6 %
	   - Conning Tower: 525 tons, 1.0 %
	Machinery: 5,669 tons, 10.7 %
	Hull, fittings & equipment: 18,403 tons, 34.7 %
	Fuel, ammunition & stores: 7,947 tons, 15.0 %
	Miscellaneous weights: 0 tons, 0.0 %

Overall survivability and seakeeping ability:
	Survivability (Non-critical penetrating hits needed to sink ship):
	  63,939 lbs / 29,002 Kg = 31.1 x 16.0 " / 407 mm shells or 8.8 torpedoes
	Stability (Unstable if below 1.00): 1.11
	Metacentric height 6.8 ft / 2.1 m
	Roll period: 17.4 seconds
	Steadiness	- As gun platform (Average = 50 %): 49 %
			- Recoil effect (Restricted arc if above 1.00): 0.71
	Seaboat quality  (Average = 1.00): 0.90

Hull form characteristics:
	Hull has a flush deck,
	  a straight bulbous bow and a round stern
	Block coefficient (normal/deep): 0.623 / 0.630
	Length to Beam Ratio: 7.94 : 1
	'Natural speed' for length: 29.32 kts
	Power going to wave formation at top speed: 53 %
	Trim (Max stability = 0, Max steadiness = 100): 54
	Bow angle (Positive = bow angles forward): 32.00 degrees
	Stern overhang: 6.04 ft / 1.84 m
	Freeboard (% = length of deck as a percentage of waterline length):
				Fore end,	 Aft end
	   - Forecastle:	25.29 %,  32.64 ft / 9.95 m,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m
	   - Forward deck:	25.00 %,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m
	   - Aft deck:	26.61 %,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m
	   - Quarter deck:	23.10 %,  19.69 ft / 6.00 m,  22.01 ft / 6.71 m
	   - Average freeboard:		21.27 ft / 6.48 m

Ship space, strength and comments:
	Space	- Hull below water (magazines/engines, low = better): 89.8 %
		- Above water (accommodation/working, high = better): 149.3 %
	Waterplane Area: 69,539 Square feet or 6,460 Square metres
	Displacement factor (Displacement / loading): 110 %
	Structure weight / hull surface area: 217 lbs/sq ft or 1,060 Kg/sq metre
	Hull strength (Relative):
		- Cross-sectional: 0.96
		- Longitudinal: 0.98
		- Overall: 0.97
	Caution: Hull subject to strain in open-sea
	Hull space for machinery, storage, compartmentation is adequate
	Room for accommodation and workspaces is excellent
	Poor seaboat, wet and uncomfortable, reduced performance in heavy weather