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prototyperspective

Science Summary - 2020, June

Jul 11th, 2020
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  2. / __| __ (_) ___ _ _ __ ___ / __| _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _
  3. \__ \ / _| | | / -_) | ' \ / _| / -_) \__ \ | || | | ' \ | ' \ / _` | | '_| | || |
  4. |___/ \__| |_| \___| |_||_| \__| \___| |___/ \_,_| |_|_|_| |_|_|_| \__,_| |_| \_, |
  5. |__/
  6. --------------------------------------- June 2020 ---------------------------------------
  7.  
  8. https://i.imgur.com/PNvF8DN.jpg
  9.  
  10. Monthly newsletter: https://mailchi.mp/359cae84aa22/science_summary
  11.  
  12. ----------------- Selection -----------------
  13.  
  14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_in_science
  15.  
  16. Items which I added to the Wikipedia list are marked with a star.
  17. Some more relevant information can be found on the list's talk page.
  18.  
  19. If you can't access a paper you could put sci-hub.se/ before the URL of the paper: https://sci-hub.se/study-url
  20.  
  21. ------------------ Sources ------------------
  22.  
  23. Extended childhood*
  24. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-childhoods-parenting-young-crows-smarter.html
  25. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rstb.2019.0495
  26.  
  27. Mass extinctions*
  28. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/01/science/mass-extinctions-are-accelerating-scientists-report.html
  29. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/24/13596
  30.  
  31. Reaction network*
  32. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-reveals-pathway-blocks-life.html
  33. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/24/13267
  34.  
  35. Foxes*
  36. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-city-foxes-similar-domesticated-dogs.html
  37. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0763
  38.  
  39. COVID-19
  40. Hydroxychloroquine*
  41. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/hydroxychloroquine-no-better-than-placebo-study-finds
  42. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2016638
  43. NRP1*
  44. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-science-graphic-idUSKBN23J2YH
  45. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/06/10/2020.06.07.137802.full.pdf
  46. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2020/06/05/2020.06.05.134114.full.pdf
  47. Dexamethasone
  48. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/16/steroid-found-to-help-prevent-deaths-of-sickest-coronavirus-patients
  49. http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2020-06-16-dexamethasone-reduces-death-hospitalised-patients-severe-respiratory-complications
  50. Toilet flushing*
  51. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-flushing-toilets-clouds-virus-containing-particles.html
  52. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/5.0013318
  53. Genes*
  54. https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200618/First-genome-wide-CRISPR-screen-reveals-genes-that-control-SARS-CoV-2-infection.aspx
  55. https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.06.16.155101v1
  56. Asymptomatic cases*
  57. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-italy-vo-idUSKBN241228
  58. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2488-1
  59.  
  60. Torpor*
  61. https://newatlas.com/medical/suspended-animation-torpor-induced-hibernation/
  62. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2387-5
  63. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2163-6
  64.  
  65. Technosignatures*
  66. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-intelligent-life-planets-technosignatures-clues.html
  67.  
  68. Black holes*
  69. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-year-old-theory-alien-civilization-exploit.html
  70. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41567-020-0944-3
  71.  
  72. _________
  73.  
  74. Yellowstone
  75. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-discovery-ancient-super-eruptions-yellowstone-hotspot.html
  76. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47384.1/586793/Discovery-of-two-new-super-eruptions-from-the
  77.  
  78. Maya pyramid platform
  79. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/massive-ancient-maya-ceremonial-complex-discovered-hiding-plain-sight/
  80. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2343-4
  81.  
  82. Epigenetics*
  83. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-mothers-offspring-success-epigenetics.html
  84. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0092867420306218
  85.  
  86. Radioactivity*
  87. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-radioactive-cloud-europe-civilian-background.html
  88. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16316-3
  89.  
  90. Egg cells*
  91. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2245679-human-eggs-release-chemicals-that-attract-some-sperm-more-than-others/
  92. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2020.0805
  93.  
  94. Mentors*
  95. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-tacit-knowledge-important-aspect-mentorship.html
  96. https://www.pnas.org/content/117/25/14077
  97.  
  98. Bose-Einstein condensates*+
  99. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-quantum-state-space.html
  100. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2346-1
  101.  
  102. Crocodile ancestors*
  103. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-ancient-crocodiles-legs-dinosaurs.html
  104. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-66008-7
  105.  
  106. CRISPR gene editing*
  107. https://www.newscientist.com/article/2246020-three-people-with-inherited-diseases-successfully-treated-with-crispr/
  108. https://crisprtx.gcs-web.com/news-releases/news-release-details/crispr-therapeutics-and-vertex-announce-new-clinical-data
  109.  
  110. Bow & arrow*
  111. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-discovery-oldest-arrow-technology-eurasia.html
  112. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/24/eaba3831
  113.  
  114. Coal combustion*
  115. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-coal-burning-siberia-climate-million-years.html
  116. https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/doi/10.1130/G47365.1/587319/Field-evidence-for-coal-combustion-links-the-252
  117.  
  118. Core-mantle boundary*+
  119. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-scientists-unexpected-widespread-earth-core.html
  120. https://science.sciencemag.org/content/368/6496/1223
  121.  
  122. Clouds*
  123. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-latest-climate-clouds.html
  124. https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/26/eaba1981
  125.  
  126. Civilizations
  127. https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2020-06/uon-rsn061220.php
  128. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8225
  129.  
  130. Color vision*
  131. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/19/science/hummingbirds-color-vision.html
  132. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/06/09/1919377117
  133.  
  134. Synthetic molecular motor*
  135. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-smallest-motor-world.html
  136. https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/06/12/1918654117
  137.  
  138. Ocean acidification*
  139. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-arctic-ocean-acidification-worse.html
  140. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2360-3
  141.  
  142. Quantum communication*
  143. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-techniques-quantum-entangle-phonons.html
  144. https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.240502
  145. https://journals.aps.org/prx/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevX.10.021055
  146.  
  147. Warning on GDP-affluence*
  148. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-affluence-planet-scientists.html
  149. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16941-y
  150.  
  151. Quasar*
  152. https://phys.org/news/2020-06-astronomers-monster-quasar-early-universe.html
  153. https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13452
  154.  
  155. ------------------ Not included ------------------
  156.  
  157. - Astronomers report narrowing down the source of Fast Radio Bursts (FRBs), which may now plausibly include "compact-object mergers and magnetars arising from normal core collapse supernovae"
  158. - The existence of quark cores in neutron stars is confirmed by Finnish researchers
  159. - *Mitochondrial genetic divergence could be used to predict the reproductive compatibility of mammalian hybrid offspring and ancient anatomically modern humans (AMH), Neanderthals and Denisovans were genetically closer than polar bears and brown bears (1.6% divergence for Neanderthals and AMH and 2.4% for the bears)
  160. - Kepler-160, a Sun-like star, likely has a rocky planet with orbit and light levels very similar to Earth
  161. - *Astronomers report that results from research of Hubble Space Telescope data and other supporting data, to be published in an upcoming paper, show that galaxies must have formed much earlier than previously thought – earlier than can be probed with the Hubble Space Telescope.
  162. - *Bacterial mass lysis for colony-defense occurs when the bacteria will die anyway from toxin exposure from competing bacteria
  163. - NASA astronaut Kathy Sullivan, the first woman to walk in space in 1984, is the first woman to reach the deepest part of the ocean
  164. - Computer experts warn Windows 10 users to update their computers with the latest security patches from Microsoft in order to avoid being infected with the wormlike SMBGhost security vulnerability, for which a proof-of-concept (PoC) exploit had been released on 2 June
  165. - *Pesticides contribute to monarch butterfly declines in the western United States
  166. - *A scientific analysis estimates that as of 2020 about 1.7 bn people (UI 1·0–2·4) people, or 22% (UI 15–28%) of the world population, belong to a vulnerable group which has at least one underlying condition that raises the risk of severe disease when contracting COVID-19 and that 4% would require hospital admission if infected
  167. - Astronomers map the atmosphere of the red supergiant star Antares for the most detailed such map yet of a star other than the Sun
  168. - An excess of 53 events is reported at the XENON dark matter research facility, which may hint at the existence of hypothetical solar axions
  169. - NASA scientists report that exoplanets with oceans may be common in the Milky Way galaxy, based on mathematical modeling studies
  170. - *First open-source all-atom model and simulation of a full-length spike protein of SARS-CoV-2
  171. - *Researchers report to have calculated a possibly testable upper limit for a fundamental period of a possibly quantized time based on a physical model of time as an oscillating variable
  172. - *A novel cancer immunotherapy that included a personalized vaccine was shown to be successful in dogs
  173. - Dwarf planet Pluto may have had a subsurface ocean
  174. - *Scientists demonstrate that it is possible for fish to migrate via ingestion of fish eggs by birds
  175. - Astronomers report details of the merging, in the "mass gap" of cosmic collisions, of a first-ever "mystery object": either a possibly too-heavy neutron star or a too-light black hole
  176. - *World Meteorological Organization announces a possible new temperature-record of 38 °C north of the Arctic Circle, which it seeks to verify and assess
  177. - Largest ever tanzanite gemstones discovered
  178. - *World Meteorological Organization announces new records for the longest lightning bolt (700 km) and the "megaflash" with the longest duration (16.73 s)
  179. - Astronomers report detecting a gravitational wave, named GW190521g, that is associated with, for the first time ever, a flash of light from the merger, within the vicinity of a third very large black hole, of two smaller black holes
  180. - *Scientists report, with a genetic study, the identification of the origin of domesticated chicken
  181. - *In two papers scientists report the development of the possibly most lightweight biopolymer aerogel that is flexible and durable and has a relatively high electromagnetic shielding-performance
  182. - *Scientists report a possible explanation for the origin of high-energy cosmic neutrinos observed by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, suggesting that emissions of coronae of supermassive black holes, such as possibly the active galactic nucleus of Messier 77, may be their source
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