webinar-python-exam-review-2021-07-24

# webinar review 07/24/21

# Ch 8, 9, 11 and 12 end of chapter exercises are critical practice
# ... and they're structured like most exam questions! No accident!

# Be able to recognize and use common data types and modules
# integers
# floats
# strings
# lists
# dictionaries
# sets
# tuples
# # modules
# math
# random
# datetime
# os
# calendar
# pandas

# operators
# +
# -
# *
# /
# % # mod
# // # floor division
# How many pounds and ounces is 43 ounces?
# print(43 // 16) # pounds
# print(43 % 16) # leftover ounces
# **
# += # increment
# -= # decrement
# = # assignment
# == # equality operator... asking if it's equal, in IF/ELIF, or WHILE
# !=
# <
# >
# <=
# >=
#
# # keywords
# not
# in

# CONTROL FLOW STRUCTURES

# FUNCTIONS
# defining vs calling
# parameters vs arguments
# x = 5 # don't do this with parameters, the CALL gives the value
# return vs print()
# methods of a type, mystring.replace() or mylist.append()

# IF... and IF/ELSE and IF/ELIF/ELSE...

# LOOPS
# WHILE: an IF that repeats as long the condition stays TRUE
# FOR: repeat an action once for every ITEM/VALUE in a container
# for __ in __:
# for _some_variable_ in _some_container_:
# for item in mylist:
# for char in mystring:
# for key in mydictionary:

# IN for a "membership check"
# myTuple = ("Gilligan", "Castaway002", "red", "crew") # things about Gilligan
# print("Gilligan" in myTuple) # True
# print("Skipper" in myTuple) # False
# if "red" in myTuple:
#     print("I found red!")

# BUILT IN FUNCTIONS
# print()
# help() # help(str), help(list), etc
# dir() # returns a list of "attributes" (methods, properties, etc) of an object: print(dir(str))
# len()
# sum()
# min()
# max() # max(container, key=len)
# range() # makes a container out a range of numbers, also for i in range(len(mylist)):
# round() # has cousins in the math module: floor() and ceil()
# enumerate() # for i, item in enumerate(mylist):
# str()
# list()
# dict()
# tuple()
# set()
# float()
# int()
# type()

# STRING
# myString = "Hello."
# myString.join() # " ".join(someContainer)
# myString.split() # create list from string
# myString.replace() # also used to remove
# myString.find() # returns the index where it finds it
# myString.lower()
# myString.upper()
# myString.title()
# myString.capitalize()
# myString.isupper() # many is___() methods that return Boolean
# myString.strip() # has cousins lstrip() and rstrip()
# myString.format() # WINNER for building larger strings
# myString.count()

# Building up larger strings...
x = "Sue"
greeting = "How do you do?"
# CONCATENATE with +
myString = "My name is " + str(x) + ". " + greeting
# DATA CONVERSION SPECIFIERS or "string modulo"
myString = "My name is %s. %s" % (x, greeting)
# the FORMAT method
myString = "My name is {}. {}".format(x, greeting)
print(myString)

# LISTS
myList = ["Agent Scully", "Agent Mulder", "Walter Skinner", "CSM", "Mr. X"] # X-Files characters
# myList.append()
# myList.insert() # myList(0, newValue)
# myList.extend()
# myList.pop() # last one, or by index
# myList.remove() # by value
# myList.sort() # myList(reverse=True)
# myList.reverse()
# myList.count()
# myList.index() # myList.index(someItem)
# myList.copy()
# myList.clear()

# SLICES
# Be able to slice like it's second nature

# DICTIONARIES - do we need methods that much for dictionaries?
scoobies = {
    "Scooby": "a blue collar",
    "Shaggy": "green",
    "Velma": "orange",
    "Daphne": "purple",
    "Fred": "an ascot"
}
# nameOfDict["someKey"] --> retrieve the value of key
scoobies["Scooby Dumb"] = "a pink collar"
print(scoobies)
for key in scoobies:
    print("{} always wears {}".format(key, scoobies[key]))

# SETS # remember they have ONLY unique values and have NO ORDER
# mySet.add()
# mySet.remove()
# mySet.discard()
# mySet.pop()

# TUPLE methods
# don't worry about them

# MODULES

# MATH
import math
# math.sqrt()
# math.pow() # **, do not confuse with math.exp()
# math.e # property!
# math.pi # property!
# math.ceil()
# math.floor()

# running help
# help(math)
# print(dir(math))
# help(math.modf)

# def myFunction(x, y):
#     h = help(math)
#     return h # or print, whatever question said

# RANDOM
# import random
# random.random() # return a float b/n 0 and 1
# random.choice() # returns a random item from a list
# random.randint() # random number between start number and included stop
# random.randrange()# random number between start number and excluded stop

# DATETIME
import datetime
# print(dir(datetime))
# focus on datetime.datetime and datetime.timedelta
print(dir(datetime.datetime))
dd = datetime.datetime(1977, 10, 31)
# dd = datetime.datetime.today()
# dd.day
# # dd.month
# # dd.year
print(dd)
print(dd.year)
td = datetime.timedelta(weeks=4)
td = datetime.timedelta(days=10)
print(dd + td) # add/subtract from datetime.datetime
print("How many seconds are in that delta?", td.total_seconds())

# CALENDAR
import calendar
# calendar.weekday()
# calendar.day_name
# calendar.month_name

month = calendar.month_name[dd.month]
dayOfWeek = dd.strftime("%A")
dayOfWeek = calendar.day_name[calendar.weekday(dd.year, dd.month, dd.day)]
# %a --> Sun
# %A --> Sunday
# %b --> Sep
# %B --> September

print(dayOfWeek)

# OS
import os
# os.getcwd()
# os.listdir()
# os.path.dirname()
# os.path.basename()
# os.path.isfile()
# os.path.isdir()

# IMPORT STATEMENTS
# make sure the way the object is referenced matches the import statement
# "normal" full import
import datetime
# PARTIAL IMPORT
from os import path # path.isdir() not os.path.isdir()
from math import ceil # ceil() not math.ceil()
# ALIAS IMPORT
import math as m # m.ceil(), m.e ... math.e X wrong