Obtain a std::ostream either from std::cout or std::ofstream(file)

std::ostream out = condition ? &std::cout : std::ofstream(filename);

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  std::ostream* fp;                                           //1
  if (argc > 1)
     fp = new std::ofstream(argv[1]);                         //2
  else
     fp = &std::cout                                          //3

  *fp << "Hello world!" << std::endl;                         //4
  if (fp!=&std::cout)
     delete fp;
}

std::streambuf * buf;
std::ofstream of;

if(!condition) {
    of.open("file.txt");
    buf = of.rdbuf();
} else {
    buf = std::cout.rdbuf();
}

std::ostream out(buf);

std::ofstream file("file.txt");
std::streambuf * old = std::cout.rdbuf(file.rdbuf());
// do here output to std::cout
std::cout.rdbuf(old); // restore

struct opiped {
    opiped(std::streambuf * buf, std::ostream & os)
    :os(os), old_buf(os.rdbuf(buf)) { }
    ~opiped() { os.rdbuf(old_buf); }

    std::ostream& os;
    std::streambuf * old_buf;
};

int main() {
    // or: std::filebuf of;
    //     of.open("file.txt", std::ios_base::out);
    std::ofstream of("file.txt");
    {
        // or: opiped raii(&of, std::cout);
        opiped raii(of.rdbuf(), std::cout);
        std::cout << "going into file" << std::endl;
    }
    std::cout << "going on screen" << std::endl;
}

void process(std::ostream &os);

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    std::ostream* fp = &cout;
    std::ofstream fout;
    if (argc > 1) {
        fout.open(argv[1]);
        fp = &fout;
    }
    process(*fp);
}

std::ofstream of;
std::ostream& out = condition ? std::cout : of.open(filename);