2016-11-22 TOEFL: word list 5, speaking 6

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-s-the-difference-between-accuracy-and-precision-matt-anticole
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Word roots - List 5
Think of one or two words to explain the meaning of each root
morph = form (metamorphosis = change of form, amorphous = without form)
multi = many (multilingual = many “tongues”, or languages, from Latin)
nat = birth
neo = new (neonatal = newborn)
nom = name (misnomer = incorrect name)
nov = new
(also nov = 9, as in “November”, which used to be the ninth month of the year)
(nym = name, as in “anonymous” and “synonym”, “antonym”, “homonym”)
ob = against
(omni = all, omniscient = all-knowing, omnipotent = all-powerful, omnipresent = present everywhere, omnibenevolent = all-good; “omni” comes from Latin)
opt = best (Maybe better to think of the root as “optim”.)
(also opt = sight, as in “optical” or “optician” or “optometrist” or “opthalmologist”)
paleo = ancient
pan = all (panacea = cure-all, pandemic = all people, as in a disease affecting everyone; “pan” comes from Greek)
path = feeling (pathology = study of feeling bad, as with diseases)
ped = foot
(also ped or paed or pæd = child, as in “pediatrician” or, in BrEng, “pædiatrician”)
peri = around (perinatal = the time around birth, pericardium = sac or “bag” around the heart)
(petr = stone, like “petrification” and “petroglyph”)
phil = love
(phob = fear)
phon = sound
photo = light
pod = foot (podiatrist = foot doctor)
poly = many (polyglot = (a person who speaks) many “tongues” or languages, from Greek)
port = carry
post = after (Some people refer to today’s US politics as “post-truth”.)
proto = first
pseudo = false (pseudonym = fake name)
psych = mind
put = think (“input” isn’t an example, it just means “to put in”)
pyro = fire
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Grimm’s Law describes sound changes in Germanic languages (which includes English)
Voiced stops lose voicing: b -> p, d -> t, g -> k
Stops become fricatives: p -> f, t -> th, k -> /x/ or h


quod -> hwæt -> what
(This explains why in general the “qu” question words in Latin are related to the “wh” words in English.)
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BREAK
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Speaking Section: 3rd section (after the 10-minute break)
Six questions, always the same type in the same order:
1-2: independent speaking (personal experience or opinion), 15s to prepare / 45s to speak
3: reading/listening/speaking, campus announcement and conversation, 30s/60s
4: reading/listening/speaking, academic topic and lecture, 30/60
5: listening/speaking, conversation about a problem and solutions, 20/60
6: listening/speaking, lecture or discussion about an academic problem, 20/60
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Speaking Task 6 - Listen to a professor lecture about or discuss an academic topic, then summarize the talk.
Handout (Oxford) 382-383 - “How to respond” part 2 includes an outline of your response:
1 Summarize/paraphrase the general topic: “The professor talks about…”
2 Lead-in to the examples: “The professor talks about two examples/studies/illustrations/etc. related to this topic”
3 Point 1: “The first example is...
4 Details about the first point
5 Point 2: “Another example / The second example is…”
6 Details about the second point
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Handout (Cengage) p. 513 - Listen to the lecture and take notes
Compare your notes with your partner. Did you hear the same information in the lecture? How did your partner organize their notes?
Then answer the questions (26-34) on the handout.
26 the “Great Dying” (an extinction event)
27 We don’t know what happened.
28 250 million, the extinction of the dinosaurs, 65 million
29 a meteor impact
30 molecules all over the world that probably came from space, a crater in Australia that might have been the impact site
31 volcanic eruption in Siberia
32 lack of oxygen
33 a mountain 6000m high
34 no, she says words like “probably” and “must have” and “might”
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Possible question: “Using points and details from the lecture, explain the two possible causes of the Great Dying.”
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If you didn’t catch the name of the event and it wasn’t in the prompt, how could you start your response?
- “The professor discusses an extinction event that happened before the dinosaurs went extinct. She gives two possible causes for this event.”
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Listen to 20.2 task A (about SAD) and take notes.
With your partner, take 3 minutes to outline a response to: “Using specific examples and points from the lecture, explain Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and its treatment.”
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One thing to notice is that the two “points” are SAD and its treatment.
1 Summarize/paraphrase the general topic: “The professor talks about…”
2 Lead-in to the examples: “The professor talks about two examples/studies/illustrations/etc. related to this topic”
3 Point 1: “The first example is...
4 Details about the first point
5 Point 2: “Another example / The second example is…”
6 Details about the second point
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Using specific examples and points from the lecture, explain the process of fractional distillation and its importance.
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Using specific examples and points from the lecture, describe the 1900 National Automobile Show and discuss its importance.
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Using specific examples and points from the lecture, explain the Infinite Monkey Theorem and discuss its importance.
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Homework: Record a new version of one of the tasks you recorded today, after taking as much time as you need to prepare.
	Also - bring food!