<?php
$strings = array("Austin is the capital of Texas.",
                 "There are 50 states in the United States of America",
                 "There is no better joke about muffins and an oven than this one:",
                 "There are two muffins are in an oven...",
                 "One says to the other: God it is hot in here",
                 "The other one replies: Oh no... It's a talking muffin");


// #1
// write a function that calculates and returns the number of alphanumeric
// characters in a string.

    function isAlphaNumeric ($byte_value) {

        if (($byte_value >= ord ('a') && $byte_value <= ord ('z')) ||
            ($byte_value >= ord ('A') && $byte_value <= ord ('Z')) ||
            ($byte_value >= ord ('0') && $byte_value <= ord ('9'))) {

            return TRUE;
        } else {

            return FALSE;
        }

    }

    function numAlphaNumericChars ($instr) {

        $chararr = count_chars ($instr, 1);
        foreach ($chararr as $ordval => $count) {

            if (isAlphaNumeric ($ordval)) {

                $sum += $count;
            }
        }

        return $sum;
    }

    $tststr = "aA56%^&hhP9b";  // contains 9 alpha chars
    $cnt = numAlphaNumericChars ($tststr);

    echo "\nNumber of Alphanumeric chars in '$tststr' is $cnt\n\n";



// #2
// write a function that calculates and returns how many words are in a string

    function numWords ($instr) {

        $count = str_word_count ($instr);
        return $count;
    }

    $tststr = "Blenders make soup--frog soup is yummy.";
    $cnt = numWords ($tststr);
    echo "Number of words in '$tststr' is $cnt\n\n";


// #4
// calculate how many capital letters are contained in the array of sample strings


    function isCapitalLetter ($byte_value) {

        if ($byte_value >= ord ('A') && $byte_value <= ord ('Z')) {

            return TRUE;
        } else {

            return FALSE;
        }

    }

    function numCapitalLetters ($strarr) {

        foreach ($strarr as $instr) {

            $chararr = count_chars ($instr, 1);
            foreach ($chararr as $ordval => $count) {

                if (isCapitalLetter ($ordval)) {

                    $sum += $count;
                }
            }

        }
        return $sum;
    }

    $count = numCapitalLetters ($strings);
    echo "Number of Capital Letters in strings array is: $count\n\n";


/*  OUTPUT:
Number of Alphanumeric chars in 'aA56%^&hhP9b' is 9

Number of words in 'Blenders make soup--frog soup is yummy.' is 6

Number of Capital Letters in strings array is: 13

*/