from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
es = Elasticsearch("localhost:9200")
es.update(index='test',doc_type='test1',id='1',body={'doc' {'username':'Tom'},'doc_as_upsert':True})

POST /website/pageviews/1/_update
{
   "script" : "ctx._source.views+=1",
   "upsert": {
       "views": 1
   }
}

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch

es = Elasticsearch()

es.update(
    index="test",
    doc_type="test1",
    id="1",
    body={"script": "ctx._source.tags+=new_tag",
          "params": {
             "new_tag" : "search"
            }
          }
    )