2016-05-18 Core: 8 historical mysteries

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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Homework: p. 95 part 10, p. 166 practice 1 (you can use any modal, positive or negative)
p. 95 part 10
1 look
2 looks like
3 looks as though (or “looks like”, informally)
4 look
5 look as though
6 look
Which of these sentences could be with “sound” and which with “listen” (just based on grammar)?

look / luck / Luke
“Look at Luke.”

You sound great!
Mohamed sounds like a model. (the grammar is fine)
Joe sounds as though he hasn’t slept.
You sound angry!
You sound as though you’ve had some good news.
I’ll need to listen carefully to this contract. (“listen to”, “look at”)
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p. 166 practice 1
1 must be
2 may/might/could be (“I need more evidence” = I’m not sure)
3 must not live (I’m pretty sure they don’t live here, but it’s not impossible.)
4 may/might/could have (“but I don’t think so” = It’s possible, but not likely.)
5 must recognize (If they come here every year, I’m pretty sure they recognize it.)
6 can’t be / couldn’t be / must not be (“must not” admits that there is some possibility, for example if it’s a spider that lost two legs)
7 so we might not see / may not see any lights tonight.
8 must be coming

ant-mimicking jumping spider = a jumping spider that mimics (looks like) an ant
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Saturday Free Classes start again on June 11.
(Monday, May 30, is a holiday with no classes.)
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p. 96 part 1 - With a partner, complete the sentences with words from the box, and then answer the questions about yourself. (Use a dictionary if you need to, but not a translator.)
1 ancient / sacred
2 period
3 prehistoric (= before history, older than “ancient”)
4 century (20th century = 1901-2000)
5 sacred
6 society
belief = something that people believe
tradition = something that people do (and have done for a long time)
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Read the article about the Nazca lines.
resurface = surface (= come to the surface) again
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BREAK
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In the article, find all of the speculations and conclusions about the Nazca lines.
(modal + have + past participle)
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Grammar for speculation/deduction about the past: Change the sentences from yesterday to be about the past.

He was eating very quickly. He must have been hungry. (I would be surprised if he was not hungry.)
He wasn’t eating anything. He must not have been hungry. (I would be surprised if he was hungry.)
He had just finished a huge meal. He couldn’t have been hungry. (I think it’s impossible that he was hungry.)

You should have offered him a drink. He may/might/could have been thirsty. (This was a possibility, but I’m not sure.)
I don’t know why he wasn’t eating. He may not / might not have been hungry right then. (Maybe he wasn’t hungry.)
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p. 97 part 8 - With your partner, rewrite the sentences using one of the words in parentheses, to have the same meaning.
1 Water can’t have been easy to find.
2 The rivers might have dried up.
3 The lines must have been very important.
4 The lines may have had a religious significance.
5 The animal drawings couldn’t have been roads.
6 The animals must have lived in the region.
7 The Nazca people could have used simple tools.
8 People must have maintained the lines carefully.
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We can make continuous sentences with this grammar:
He must have eaten before you called.
	= I think he ate before you called.
He must have been eating when you called.
	= I think he was eating when you called.

We can make passive sentences with this grammar:
Aliens must have made the lines. = The lines must have been made by aliens.
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Handout (Focus on Grammar 4, p. 282) - With your group, speculate about what the objects might have been used for in the past. (Make complete sentences with today’s grammar: “It might have been a footstool,” or, “People might have put their feet on it.”)

You shave with a razor.
squint
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Homework: p. 98 parts 2, 3, 4 (from the reading on p. 99)