2018-04-04 TOEFL: reading organization, listening gist

Greg Malivuk
[email protected]
http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - notes from all classes
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skimming and scanning are important skills for answering reading questions quickly. You can find a variety of online practice activities for these skills.
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Homework: finish the Cengage handout
Check with your partner and find the location of each answer in the text.
Passage 2
	European: D E F H
	Asian: B C I
Passage 3
	Burbank: A B E G
	Carver: C F H
Passage 4
	Radiation: C E
	Advection: B D F
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Listening Question Types:
- detail (specific information from the listening)
- main idea (content or purpose)
- inference (What can be inferred about _____?)
- purpose (Why does the speaker mention _____?)
- prediction (What will the speaker(s) probably do next?)
- function (What does the speaker mean when he/she says this?)
- attitude (How does the speaker feel about _____?)
- organization (How is the lecture organized?)
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DELTA p. 199 describes some reasons main idea questions can be wrong.
exercise 2.1.A - Listen to parts of conversations and answer the main idea questions.
1 C
2 C
3 B
4 A
5 D
	(The words he has trouble with are “xylem” and “phloem”, hence P and X.)
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Handout (Oxford) - “gist” is another word for “main idea”
p. 167 - answer the pre-listening questions
Listen and take notes.
exercise 3L5 - With your partner, paraphrase the lecture with information about each of these points
1 Surface temperature has increased by 1 degree Fahrenheit. (0.56 degrees C)
2 The 11 hottest years on record are within the last 13 years.
3 Greenhouse effect of gases resulting from human activities.
4 Carbon dioxide, CFCs, ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide
5 The Earth gets warmer.
6 CO2 is produced primarily by burning fossil fuels (e.g. coal, oil, natural gas)
7 Emissions have increased 130 times since the middle of one of the centuries.
8 Could increase by another 10 F.
9 Heat waves, vanishing glaciers and ice, powerful storms like hurricanes.
10 Heat waves kill, sea level rise could flood cities, hurricanes kill and destroy livelihoods.
11 and 3L6: (b) - causes and effects of global warming
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p. 168 - Listen and take notes on the conversation.
exercise 3L7 - Compare your notes and answer these questions.
1 To talk about making his presentation more interesting to other students.
2 Other students could brainstorm ideas and he could provide them with surprising information they may not have already heard. Bring in objects.
3 - change one lightbulb per household to CFL = 90 billion lbs
  - choose products without excess packaging (like molded plastics) = 275 billion lbs
  - reduce household waste = 1 billion
  - lower the thermostat by 2 degrees = 226 billion
(727 billion pounds seems like a lot, but the US produces 11.6 trillion pounds of CO2 every year.)
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https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2017/7/14/15963544/climate-change-individual-choices - An article about why talking about private individual choices is not a good way to address climate change.
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3L8 - d
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p. 168-169 - Listen and take notes
3L9 - Answer these questions from your notes.
3L10 - b
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p. 169-170 - Listen and take notes.
3L11 - Answer these questions from your notes.
endoscopic = to look or view inside the body
3L12 - d
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p. 170-1 - Listen and take notes about culture shock
p. 171 - Answer the test questions.
1 b
2 a b e
3 b
4 b
5 3 2 1 4
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The “honeymoon phase” of any new thing is the period when everything is still new and exciting and great.
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p. 172-3 - Listen and take notes, then answer the questions.
1 b
2 2 3 1
3 d (The real purpose was c, but participants weren’t told the truth.)
4 d
5 a c
6 b c