2016-09-06 Grammar: active and passive causatives

Greg Malivuk
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http://www.pastebin.com/u/gmalivuk - Notes from all my classes
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Homework: p. 298 exercise 3
1 a She saw a man come into the bank.
  b She saw him get in line. When he reached the teller’s window, she saw him hand her a piece of paper and a brown paper bag.
  c She saw the teller putting money in the bag and she heard a loud alarm begin to ring.
  d She saw guards rush in, but she had seen the man escape through the side entrance.
2 a She saw a few children playing on the swings. / She saw a few children swinging.
  b She saw others climbing on the monkey bars.
  c She watched one little boy running very fast around and around the playground.
  d She saw him fall down.
  e She heard him scream in pain.
  f She saw all the other children look(ing) around to see where the noise was coming from.
  g She saw one child running toward her office.
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Causative Verbs:
She forced him to do the dishes. / She made him do the dishes.
= He didn’t want to, but he had no choice.
She hired him to do the dishes. = She pays for him to do the dishes.
She had him do the dishes. = She instructed him to do the dishes (and he did).
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Passive causatives:
We can make passive sentences with all the causatives other than “get” that take infinitive (to + base form), plus “make”:
Children should be allowed to use cell phones.
Children should be persuaded to eat their vegetables.
Children should be forced to do some housework.
Children should be made to do some housework.

p. 303 exercise 9 - Change the sentences to passive voice if possible.
1 People are not allowed to smoke in church.
2 Kilroy was forced to return to the barracks before the movie was over.
3 Everyone who works is required to pay some income taxes.
4 Dogs shouldn’t be allowed to run free around the neighborhood. (We can’t make a passive with “let”.)
5 (We can’t make it passive.)
	The janitor was instructed to clean up the mess. - This doesn’t mean it actually happened.
6 When I was a child I wasn’t allowed to play in the street.
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“passive causatives” can also mean when you leave out the person who does the action, instead of the person who instructs it:
active: I hired the workers to build a deck.
passive (like above): The workers were hired to build a deck.
other passive: I had a deck built (by workers).

I always get my hair cut at this barbershop.
She had her dress lengthened.